Abstract
Protein deficiency results in retarded growth, and many studies from developing countries have shown that animal protein has a growth-promoting effect in children getting a diet mainly based on vegetable products. To what degree this is caused by an improved protein quality, nutrients associated with animal protein such as zinc, or a growth-stimulating effect of certain amino acids or peptides is not known. In industrialized countries, it is not likely that either the amount of protein or the protein quality will be growth limiting in healthy children. However, there are data suggesting that the high protein intake in infants and young children seen in industrialized countries could have growth-modulating effects and that there could be long-term effects. The aim of this paper is to review data on the association between early protein intake and linear growth velocity and early protein intake and later development of obesity. The review will focus on term healthy infants and young children from industrialized countries. The review will also include data on differences in growth and development of obesity between breastfed and formula-fed infants as there are considerable differences in protein intake between these two groups and one of the suggested causes for these effects has been difference in protein intake.
Zusammenfassung
Proteinmangel führt zu verzögertem Wachstum, und viele Studien aus Entwicklungsländern haben erwiesen, dass tierisches Protein eine wachstumsfördernde Wirkung auf Kinder hat, die hauptsächlich mit Gemüseprodukten ernährt werden. In welchem Ausmaß das durch eine bessere Qualität des Eiweißes, mit tierischem Protein einhergehende Nährstoffe wie Zink oder die wachstumsstimulierende Wirkung bestimmter Aminosäuren oder Peptide verursacht wird, ist nicht bekannt. In Industrieländern ist es unwahrscheinlich, dass die Proteinmenge oder die Proteinqualität den wachstumsbegrenzenden Faktor bei gesunden Kindern darstellt. Es gibt jedoch Hinweise darauf, dass die hohe Proteinzufuhr bei Säuglingen und Kleinkindern in Industrieländern eine wachstumsmodulierende Wirkung haben und Langzeitwirkungen bestehen könnten. Ziel des Beitrags ist die Darstellung von Daten zum Zusammenhang zwischen früher Proteinzufuhr und linearer Wachstumsgeschwindigkeit sowie zwischen früher Proteinzufuhr und späterer Entwicklung einer Adipositas. Der Schwerpunkt liegt auf reifgeborenen, gesunden Säuglingen und Kleinkindern aus Industrieländern. Zusätzlich werden Unterschiede hinsichtlich des Wachstums und der Entwicklung einer Adipositas zwischen mit Muttermilch gestillten und mit Industrienahrung ernährten Säuglingen dargestellt, da beträchtliche Unterschiede bei der Proteinzufuhr zwischen diesen beiden Gruppen bestehen und einer der anzunehmenden Gründe für oben Genanntes in der unterschiedlichen Proteinzufuhr liegt.
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Michaelsen, K.F., Hoppe, C. & Mølgaard, C. Effect of early protein intake on linear growth velocity and development of adiposity. Monatsschr Kinderheilkd 151 (Suppl 1), S78–S83 (2003). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00112-003-0805-z
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00112-003-0805-z