Zusammenfassung
Bei der ständig steigenden Zahl übergewichtiger Kinder sollte die EuroGrowth-Studie mögliche Prädiktoren für einen erhöhten Body Mass Index (BMI) darstellen. Die multizentrische longitudinale Beobachtungsstudie untersuchte daher den Einfluss der frühen Ernährung bis zum 4.–6. Lebensmonat auf Wachstum und Gewicht. Eingeschlossen wurden 2245 gesunde, am Termin geborene Kinder (1154 Jungen, 1091 Mädchen) in 22 Studienzentren in 12 europäischen Ländern. Erhoben wurden Gewicht, Größe und Erziehungsstand der Eltern, demographische und sozioökonomische Faktoren sowie die Daten des Kindes bei der Geburt. Anthropometrische Messungen und Interviews zur Ernährung wurden bis zum 5. Geburtstag durchgeführt. Als wichtigster Prädiktor für das genetisch bedingte Wachstumspotenzial stellte sich die mittlere Größe der Eltern heraus. Prädiktoren für die Gewichtszunahme bis zum Alter von 60 Monaten waren Dauer des Stillens, Zeitpunkt der Aufnahme fester Nahrung, Geschlecht, Erziehung der Mutter und Größe der Eltern. Der BMI mit 1 Monat zeigte sich als stärkster, der BMI der Eltern als zweitstärkster Prädiktor eines BMI über der 90. Perzentile im Alter zwischen 12 und 60 Monaten. Um eine erfolgreiche Prävention von kindlichem Übergewicht einleiten zu können, müssen jedoch noch weitere, aussagekräftige Prädiktoren gefunden werden.
Abstract
Given the increasing numbers of overweight children, the EuroGrowth Study is aimed at investigating predictors for an increased Body Mass Index (BMI). The multi-centre, longitudinal, observational study therefore examines the influence of early nutrition—until 4–6 months of age—on growth and weight. A total of 2,245 healthy children, born full term (1,154 boys and 1,091 girls), were included from 22 study centres in 12 European countries. Data on weight, size, and the educational standard of the parents as well as demographic and socio-economic factors and the babies birth data were included. Anthropometric measurements and interviews on nutrition were made until the fifth birthday. The most important predictor of genetically determined growth potential was the average height of the parents. Predictors of weight gain until 60 months of age were duration of breast feeding, time at which solid food was first taken, sex, educational level the mother, and the height of the parents. The BMI at 1 month was the strongest and the BMI of the parents the second strongest predictor of a BMI over the 90th percentile at an age of between 12 and 60 months. For the successful prevention of overweight in children, however, additional significant predictors need to be identified.
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Haschke, F., van't Hof, M.A. Einfluss von Ernährung und genetischen Faktoren auf Wachstum und BMI bis zum Alter von 5 Jahren. Monatsschr Kinderheilkd 151 (Suppl 1), S54–S57 (2003). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00112-003-0803-1
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00112-003-0803-1