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Toxische epidermale Nekrolyse

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Zusammenfassung

Toxische epidermale Nekrolyse (TEN) bzw. Stevens-Johnson-Syndrom (SJS) stellen akute, potenziell lebensbedrohliche, mukokutane Intoleranzreaktionen dar, die bis zu 90% der Körperoberfläche betreffen können. Die Inzidenz des TEN liegt bei 0,5–1,4, die des SJS bei 1–2 pro 1 Mio. Einwohner und Jahr. 13,8% der TEN-Fälle treten bei Kindern <16 Jahre auf. Arzneimittel sind in 80–95% der Fälle als Triggerfaktor zu eruieren. Eine Graft-versus-host-Reaktion nach Knochenmarktransplantation bzw. eine vorbestehende HIV-Infektion sind bekannte prädisponierende Faktoren. Die Bedeutung von Kortikosteroiden in der Behandlung von SJS/TEN wird sehr kontrovers diskutiert und ist aus heutiger Sicht eher abzulehnen. Neben symptomorientierten allgemeinen Therapiemaßnahmen (Absetzen möglicher Auslöser, Flüssigkeitsausgleich, antiseptische und analgetische Behandlung) mehren sich Hinweise auf den potenziellen Nutzen einer hoch dosierten i. v. Immunglobulintherapie. In jedem Fall erfordert die Behandlung von Kindern mit TEN eine intensive interdisziplinäre Zusammenarbeit zwischen Kinderärzten, Hautärzten, Augenärzten und Kinderchirurgen.

Abstract

Toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) and Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS) represent acute, potentially life-threatening, mucocutaneous intolerance reactions, which can affect up to 90% of the body surface area. The annual incidence of TEN and SJS is about 0.5–1.4 and 1–2, respectively, per 1 million inhabitants. 13.8% of TEN cases occur in children <16 years of age. Drug reactions are the most likely trigger factor in 80–95% of all cases. Patients suffering from graft-versus-host disease after bone marrow transplantation and HIV-positive patients are particularly prone to develop TEN. The use of glucocorticoids for the treatment of SJS/TEN is highly controversial and should be discouraged in light of recent studies. The mainstay of therapy—apart from the discontinuation of suspicious drugs—is a symptom-oriented approach involving fluid replacement, pain relief, and disinfectant dressings. There is increasing evidence that patients with TEN might benefit from high-dose intravenous immunoglobulin therapy. Treatment of children with TEN requires close collaboration between paediatricians and dermatologists and frequently also involves consultation with ophthalmologists and paediatric surgeons.

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Correspondence to P. H. Höger.

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Höger, P.H. Toxische epidermale Nekrolyse. Monatsschr Kinderheilkd 151, 551–560 (2003). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00112-003-0720-3

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