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Therapeutic potential of olfactory ensheathing cells in neurodegenerative diseases

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Abstract

The regenerative capacity of the olfactory system has generated interest in potential clinical application of cells from the olfactory epithelium in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. Experimental evidence from animal models and clinical studies suggest that transplantation of olfactory ensheathing cells (OEC), specialized glia in the olfactory system, may be therapeutically useful in neurodegenerative diseases such as spinal cord injury and stroke. This review article describes the different experimental approaches in OEC transplantation. We also discuss the possible effects of OEC implantation on the underlying pathophysiology in neurological disease, including neuroplasticity. Our recent study of this particular population of cells has disclosed some of the molecular basis of the regenerative mechanism of OECs. In summary OECs produce several neurotrophic factors such as stromal cell-derived factor 1α and brain-derived neurotrophic factor and enhance axonal regeneration to promote neuroplasticity in neurodegenerative diseases.

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Abbreviations

BDNF:

Brain-derived neurotrophic factor

CNS:

Central nervous system

CNTF:

Ciliary neurotrophic factor

GDNF:

Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor

NGF:

Nerve growth factor

OB:

Olfactory bulbs

OE:

Olfactory epithelium

OEC:

Olfactory ensheathing cell

OM:

Olfactory mucosa

OSN:

Olfactory sensory neuron

PNS:

Peripheral nervous system

RMS:

Rostral migratory stream

SCI:

Spinal cord injury

SVZ:

Subventricular zone

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Acknowledgments

We would like to thank Dr. Ted Weita Lai of University of British Columbia, Canada for his critical reading of this manuscript. This work was supported in part by research grants from the Chen-Han Foundation for Education, the National Science Council, Taiwan (NSC97-2314-B-039-036-MY3 and NSC97-2314-B-039-001-MY2), China Medical University, Taiwan (CMU 97-228), and China Medical University Hospital, Taiwan (DMR-97-143).

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The authors declare that they have no conflicting interests related to this study.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Graduate Institute of Immunology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan

    Shao-Chih Chiu & Shinn-Zong Lin

  2. Center for Neuropsychiatry, China Medical University Hospital, 2 Yuh-Der Road, Taichung, Taiwan, 40447

    Shao-Chih Chiu, Huey-Shan Hung, Shinn-Zong Lin & Demeral David Liu

  3. Institute of Oral Biology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan

    Esheral Chiang

  4. Department of Dentistry, Oral Biology Laboratory, China Medical University Hospital, 2 Yuh-Der Road, Taichung, Taiwan, 40447

    Demeral David Liu

  5. Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan

    Huey-Shan Hung

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  1. Shao-Chih Chiu
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  2. Huey-Shan Hung
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  3. Shinn-Zong Lin
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  4. Esheral Chiang
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Correspondence to Demeral David Liu.

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Shao-Chih Chiu, Huey-Shan Hung, Shinn-Zong Lin, and Esheral Chiang contributed equally to this work.

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Chiu, SC., Hung, HS., Lin, SZ. et al. Therapeutic potential of olfactory ensheathing cells in neurodegenerative diseases. J Mol Med 87, 1179–1189 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00109-009-0528-2

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00109-009-0528-2

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