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RETRACTED ARTICLE: Role of the NF-κB signaling cascade and NF-κB-targeted genes in failing human hearts

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This article was retracted on 27 March 2020

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Abstract

Nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) is a ubiquitous transcription factor that has been indicated to play a causal role for many pathological states. Heart failure is a major cause of morbidity all over the world. In this study, we examined the role of NF-κB in failing (F) human hearts and nonfailing (NF) controls. Our data showed that an enhanced activation of this nuclear factor occurs in the F hearts along with its components, like I-κB kinase (IKK)β and IκBα, both at transcript and translational levels. To obtain a profile of NF-κB-targeted gene expression in F hearts, we profiled, for the first time, the expression analysis of NF-κB-linked gene using a TranSignal human NF-κB-targeted gene array. Our data suggest that more than 50 genes were consistently upregulated in F hearts more than 1.5-fold (vs NF hearts, p<0.001). Our studies demonstrated that NF-κB is specifically and significantly activated via IKKβ in F hearts. The most intriguing aspects of our studies are molecular profiles of NF-κB-linked or targeted gene expression in F hearts. Our data suggest that the regulation and control of NF-κB activation is, therefore, a powerful therapeutic strategy for delaying or attenuating such deadly disease.

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  • 27 March 2020

    The Editor-in-Chief has retracted this article [1] because a number of lanes in Figs. 3, 4 and 6 of this article are duplicated.

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Acknowledgements

The authors acknowledge the assistance of the cardiac transplantation team, pathology residents, and Dr. Normal Ratliff for help in procuring failing human heart tissues for research. The authors sincerely acknowledge Dr. Christine S. Moravec and Wendy Sweet, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, for providing us the failing and nonfailing explanted human heart samples. The authors thank Life-Banc of Northeastern Ohio for nonfailing human heart tissue. The study was supported in part by National Institutes of Health grants HL RO1 47794 to Dr. S. Sen. The authors also acknowledge Mr. Dave Young for expert technical assistance, Dr. A. Braiser for IκBα cDNA, Dr. S. Ghosh for p65 cDNA, the statistical assistance of Geri Locker, Dept. of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, and the expert editorial assistance of Christine Kassuba and Jane Rein.

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  1. Department of Molecular Cardiology, NB 50, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA

    Sudhiranjan Gupta & Subha Sen

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  1. Sudhiranjan Gupta
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Correspondence to Sudhiranjan Gupta.

Additional information

The Editor-in-Chief has retracted this article because a number of lanes in Figures 3, 4 and 6 of this article are duplicated. The data are therefore unreliable. Sudhiranjan Gupta does not agree to this retraction. We have not been able to contact author Subha Sen about this retraction.

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Gupta, S., Sen, S. RETRACTED ARTICLE: Role of the NF-κB signaling cascade and NF-κB-targeted genes in failing human hearts. J Mol Med 83, 993–1004 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00109-005-0691-z

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00109-005-0691-z

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