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Konservative Therapie von Herzklappenvitien im Erwachsenenalter

Conservative treatment of valvular heart disease in adults

  • Schwerpunkt: Neue Aspekte bei Herzklappenerkrankungen
  • Published:
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Zusammenfassung

Bisher existiert keine spezifische Medikation, die für die Behandlung von Herzklappenvitien zugelassen ist. Allerdings kann durch die Therapie von Komorbiditäten wie einer arteriellen Hypertonie oder einer Herzinsuffizienz die Prognose der Patienten günstig beeinflusst werden. Bei der sekundären Mitralklappeninsuffizienz aufgrund einer ventrikulären Dysfunktion und Dilatation sowie bei der Trikuspidalklappeninsuffizienz im Rahmen einer präkapillären pulmonalen Hypertonie nimmt die medikamentöse Therapie eine Schlüsselrolle in der Behandlung ein, da hierdurch die pathophysiologische Ursache der Insuffizienz direkt adressiert wird. Bei der Aortenklappenstenose und -insuffizienz ist vor allem die Kontrolle einer arteriellen Hypertonie wichtig. Patienten mit Mitralklappenstenose profitieren von einer Rhythmus- und Frequenzkontrolle. Neben der medikamentösen Therapie ist die Aufrechterhaltung der funktionellen Kapazität von entscheidender Bedeutung für das mittelfristige Outcome der Patienten. Es gilt die Empfehlung, trotz bestehender Vitien eine aktive körperliche Betätigung aufrechtzuerhalten.

Abstract

Currently, there is no specific medication approved for the treatment of valvular heart disease per se. Except for secondary mitral valve insufficiency and tricuspid valve insufficiency in pulmonary hypertension, drug therapy for higher-grade valvular heart disease is limited to diuretic therapy for symptom control. Conservative therapy for comorbidities and potential heart failure can be beneficial regardless of the specific valve lesion. In cases of aortic valve stenosis or insufficiency, controlling arterial hypertension is important. Patients with mitral valve stenosis benefit from rhythm and rate control. Diuretics can help reduce regurgitant volume in patients with primary mitral valve insufficiency and tricuspid valve insufficiency. In addition to drug therapy, maintaining functional capacity is crucial for the outcome of patients. Therefore, it is recommended to engage in active physical activity whenever possible, despite the presence of valvular heart disease.

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Correspondence to Tanja K. Rudolph.

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J. Kirchner und T.K. Rudolph geben an, dass kein Interessenkonflikt besteht.

Für diesen Beitrag wurden von den Autor/-innen keine Studien an Menschen oder Tieren durchgeführt. Für die aufgeführten Studien gelten die jeweils dort angegebenen ethischen Richtlinien.

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Gerd Hasenfuß, Göttingen

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Kirchner, J., Rudolph, T.K. Konservative Therapie von Herzklappenvitien im Erwachsenenalter. Innere Medizin (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00108-024-01676-5

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00108-024-01676-5

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