Skip to main content
Log in

Oberbauchschmerz – ein häufiges und facettenreiches Leitsymptom in der internistisch-hausärztlichen Praxis

Upper abdominal pain: a frequent and multifaceted leading symptom in primary care internal medicine

  • Schwerpunkt: Hausärztliche Medizin – Teil II
  • Published:
Der Internist Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Zusammenfassung

Obere gastrointestinale Beschwerden sind einer der häufigsten Gründe für die Vorstellung in einer internistisch-hausärztlichen Praxis und stellen den niedergelassenen Hausarzt häufig vor Herausforderungen in der korrekten Diagnosefindung. Neben der Anamneseerhebung und Symptomevaluation ist die körperliche Untersuchung grundsätzlich notwendig, um eine erste Arbeitsdiagnose zu stellen. Daran anschließend sind der Ultraschall des Oberbauchs sowie Laboruntersuchungen essenzielle Werkzeuge für die Differenzialdiagnose.

Abstract

Upper gastrointestinal symptoms are among the most common reasons for medical consultation and represent a challenge for general practitioners in the outpatient care setting. History taking, symptom evaluation and physical examination are the crucial steps toward establishing an initial working diagnosis. The subsequent abdominal ultrasound and laboratory analyses are essential tools for the differential diagnosis.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Abb. 1
Abb. 2
Abb. 3
Abb. 4
Abb. 5
Abb. 6
Abb. 7

Literatur

  1. Adedeji OA, McAdam WA (1996) Murphy’s sign, acute cholecystitis and elderly people. J R Coll Surg Edinb 41(2):88–89

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  2. AIHW General Practice Statistics and Classification Unit (2004) Presentations of abdominal pain in Australian general practice. Aust Fam Physician 33(12):968–969

    Google Scholar 

  3. Aitken RC (1969) Measurement of feelings using visual analogue scales. Proc R Sic Med 62(10):989–993

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Akriviadis EA, Hatzigavriel M, Kapnias D et al (1997) Treatment of biliary colic with diclofenac: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Gastroenterology 113(1):225–231

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. Andersen CA, Holden S, Vela J et al (2019) Point-of-care ultrasound in general practice: a systemativ review. Ann Fam Med 17(1):61–69

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  6. Arienti V, Camaggi V (2011) Clinical applications of bedside ultrasonography in internal and emergency medicine. Intern Emerg Med 6(3):195–201

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. Bhagra A, Tierney DM, Sekiguchi H, Soni NJ (2016) Point-of-care ultrasonography for primary care physicians and general internists. Mayo Clin Proc 91(12):1811–1827

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Becker P, Böttcher KA, Schilling D (2017) Acute abdominal pain. Dtsch Med Wochenschr 142(6):432–441

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. Brekke M, Eilertsen RK (2009) Acute abdominal pain in general practice: tentative diagnoses and handling. Scand J Prim Health Care 27(3):137–140

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  10. Calvert EL, Houghton LA, Cooper P et al (2002) Long-term improvement in functional dyspepsia using hypnotherapy. Gastroenterology 123(6):1778–1785

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. Carnett JB (1926) Intercostal neuralgia as a cause of abdominal pain and tenderness. Surg Gynecol Obstet 42:625–632

    Google Scholar 

  12. Cartwright SL, Knudson MP (2008) Evaluation of acute abdominal pain in adults. Am Fam Physician 77(7):971–978

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. Cartwright SL, Knudson MP (2015) Diagnostic imaging of acute abdominal pain in adults. Am Fam Physician 91(7):452–459

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. Colucciello SA, Lukens TW, Morgan DL (1999) Assessing abdominal pain in adults: a rational cost-effective, and evidence-based strategy. Emerg Med Pract 1:1–20

    Google Scholar 

  15. de Dombal FT (1994) Acute abdominal pain in the elderly. J Clin Gastroenterol 19(4):331–335

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. DeVon HA, Mirzaei S, Zegre-Hemsey J (2020) Typical and atypical symptoms of acute coronary syndrome: time to retire the terms? J Am Heart Assoc 9(7):e15539

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  17. European Association for the Study of the Liver (EASL) (2016) EASL Clinical Practice Guidelines on the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of gallstones. J Hepatol 65(1):146–181

    Google Scholar 

  18. Fischbach W, Malfertsheiner P, Hoffmann JC et al (2009) S3-Leitlinie „Helicobacter pylori und gastroduodenale Ulcuskrankheit“ der deutschen Gesellschaft für Verdauungs- und Stoffwechselkrankheiten (DGVS). Z Gastroenterol 47:68–102

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Ford AC, Delaney BC, Forman D et al (2006) Eradication therapy for peptic ulcer disease in Helicobacter pylori positive patients. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD003840.pub4

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. Fowler KJ, Therrien JA, Kim DH et al (2018) ACR appropriateness criteria acute nonlocalized abdominal pain. J Am Coll Radiol 15(11):217–231

    Google Scholar 

  21. Fransen GA, Janssen MJ, Muris JW et al (2007) Measuring the severity of upper gastrointestinal complaints: does GP assessment correspond with patients’ self-assessment? Fam Pract 24:252–258

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. Fröhlich G, Schorn K, Fröhlich H (2020) Dyspnoe – eine Herausforderung in der internistisch-hausärztlichen Praxis. Internist 61:21–35

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  23. Gans SL, Pols MA, Stoker J et al (2015) Guideline for the diagnostic pathway in patients with acute abdominal pain. Dig Surg 32(1):23–31

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  24. Garg SK, Singh D, Sarvepalli S et al (2019) Incidence, admission rates, and economic burden o adult emergency visits for chronic pancreatitis: data from the national emergency department sample, 2006 to 2012. J Clin Gastroenterol 53(8):328–333

    Google Scholar 

  25. Genc A, Ryk M, Suwala M et al (2016) Ultrasound imaging in the general practitioner’s office—a literature review. J Ultrason 16(64):78–86

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  26. Ghaemmaghami CA, Brady WJ (2006) Pitfalls in the emergency department diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction. Emerg Med Clin North Am 19(2):351–369

    Google Scholar 

  27. Gieteling MJ, van Lisman Leeuwen Y, van der Wouden JC et al (2011) Childhood nonspecific abdominal pain in family practice: Incidence, associated factors, and management. Ann Fam Med 9:337–343

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  28. Girman CJ, Kou TD, Cai B (2010) Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus have higher risk for acute pancreatitis compared with those without diabetes. Diabetes Obes Metab 12(9):766–771

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  29. Grimpen F, Pavli P (2008) Rational investigation of upper abdominal pain. Aust Fam Phys 37(8):602–607

    Google Scholar 

  30. Gschossmann JM, Holtmann G, Mayer EA (2002) Epidemiology and clinical phenomenology of visceral pain. Schmerz 16(8):447–451

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  31. Gschossmann JM, Holtmann G, Netzer P et al (2005) Abdomineller Schmerz. Internist 46(10):1096–1104

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  32. Gutt C, Jenssen C, Barreiros AP et al (2018) Aktualisierte S3-Leitlinie der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Gastroenterologie, Verdauungs- und Stoffwechselkrankheiten (DGVS) und der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Allgemein- und Viszeralchirurgie (DGAV) zur Prävention, Diagnostik und Behandlung von Gallensteinen. Z Gastroenterol 56(8):912–966

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  33. Gutt C, Schläfer S, Lammert F (2020) The treatment of gallstine disease. Dtsch Arztebl Int 117(9):148–158

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  34. Hoffmeister A, Mayerle J, Beglinger C et al (2012) S3-Leitlinie Chronische Pankreatitis: Definition, Ätiologie, Diagnostik, konservative, interventionell endoskopische und operative Therapie derchronischen Pankreatitis. Leitlinie der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Verdauungs-und Stoffwechselkrankheiten (DGVS). Z Gastroenterol 50:1176–1224

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  35. Holtmann G, Gschossmann J, Mayer P (2002) A randomized placebo-controlled trial of simethicone and cisapride for the treatment of patients with functional dyspepsia. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 16(9):1641–1648

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  36. Kamin R, Nowicki TA, Courtney DS et al (2003) Pearls and pitfalls in the emergency department evaluation of abdominal pain. Emerg Med Clin North Am 21:61–72

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  37. Katz PO, Gerson LB, Vela MF (2013) Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of gastroesophageal reflux disease. Am J Gastroenterol 108(3):308–328

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  38. Keller J, Layer P (2015) Chronischer Oberbauchschmerz: Diagnostischer und therapeutischer Algorithmus. Dtsch Med Wochenschr 140(10):718–722

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  39. Kellow ZS, MacInnes M, Kurzencwyg D (2008) The role of abdominal radiography in the evaluaton of the nontrauma emergency patient. Radiology 248(3):887–893

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  40. Koop H, Fuchs KH, Labenz J et al (2014) S2k-Leitlinie: Gastroösophageale Refluxkrankheit unter Federführung der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Gastroenterologie, Verdauungs- und Stoffwechselkrankheiten (DGVS). Z Gastroenterol 52(11):1299–1346

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  41. Lameris W, van Randen A, van Es HW et al (2009) Imaging strategies for detection of urgent conditions in patients with acute abdominal pain: diagnostiv accuracy study. BMJ 338:b2431

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  42. Lanas A, Carrera-Lasfuentes P, Arguedas Y et al (2015) Risk of upper and lower gastrointestinal bleeding in patients taking nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, antiplatet agents, or anticoagulants. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 13(5):906–912

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  43. Lankisch PG, Mahlke R, Lübbers H (2006) Das akute Abdomen aus internistischer Sicht. Dtsch Arztebl Int 103:2178–2188

    Google Scholar 

  44. Lakhoo K, Alnario C, Khalil C et al (2020) Prevalence and characteristics of abdominal pain in the United States. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cgh.2020.06.065

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  45. Leifeld L, Germer CT, Böhm S et al (2014) S2k-Leitlinie Divertikelkrankheit/Divertikulitis. Z Gastroenterol 52(7):663–710

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  46. Ma TT, Yu SY, Li Y et al (2012) Randomized clinical trial: an assessment of acupuncture on specific meridian or specific acupoint vs. sham acupuncture for treating functional dyspepsia. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 35(5):552–561

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  47. Manterola C, Vial M, Moraga J et al (2014) Analgesia in patients with acute abdominal pain. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD005660.pub3

    Article  Google Scholar 

  48. Martina B, Bucheli B, Stotz M (1997) First clinical judgment by primary care physicians distinguishes well between nonorganic and organic causes of abdominal or chest pain. J Gen Intern Med 12(1):459–465

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  49. Mazzoleni LE, Sander GB, Francesoni CF et al (2011) Helicobacter pylori eradication in functional dyspepsia: HEROES trial. Arch Intern Med 171(21):1929–1936

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  50. Melzer J, Rosch W, Reichling J et al (2004) Meta-analysis: phytotherapy of functional dyspepsia with the herbal drug preparation STW5 (Iberogast). Aliment Pharmacol Ther 20(11–12):1279–1287

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  51. Mengel-Jorgensen T, Jensen MB (2016) Variation in the use of point-of-care ultrasound in general practice in various European countries. Results of a survey among experts. Eur J Gen Pract 22(4):274–277

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  52. Mitka M (2005) Costly surge in diagnostic imaging spurs debate. JAMA 293(6):665–667

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  53. Mjlstad OC, Dalen H, Graven T et al (2012) Routinely adding ultrasound examinations by pocket-sized ultrasound devices improves inpatient diagnostics in a medical department. J Intern Med 23(2):185–191

    Google Scholar 

  54. Neumann FJ, Sousa-Uva M, Ahlsson A et al (2019) 2018 ESC/EACTS Guidelines on myocardial revascularisation. Eur Heart J 40(2):87–165

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  55. Niedergethmann M, Post S (2006) Differentialdiagnose des Oberbauchschmerzes. Dtsch Arztebl Int 103(13):862–871

    Google Scholar 

  56. Panebianco NL, Jahnes K, Mills AM (2011) Imaging and laboratory testing in acute abdominal pain. Emerg Med Clin North Am 29(2):175–193

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  57. Peura DA, Kovacs TO, Metz DC et al (2004) Lansoprazole in the treatment of functional dyspepsia: two double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trials. Am J Med 116(11):740–748

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  58. Ponka D, Kirlew M (2007) Top 10 differential diagnoses in family medicine: generalized abdominal pain. Can Fam Physician 53(9):1509

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  59. Ralls PW, Halls J, Lapin SA et al (1982) Prospective evaluation of the sonografic Murphy sign in suspected acute cholecystitis. J Clin Ultrasound 10(3):113–115

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  60. Richter JE (1991) Dyspepsia: organic causes and differential characteristics from functional dyspepsia. Scand J Gastroenterol Suppl 182:11–16

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  61. Roenneberg C, Sattel H, Schaefert R et al (2019) Klinische Leitlinie: Funktionelle Körperbeschwerden. Dtsch Arztebl Int 116:553–560

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  62. Schiefke I, Mössner J (2007) Bauchschmerzen. In: Riemann J, Fischbach W, Galle P, Mössner J (Hrsg) Gastroenterologie in Klinik und Praxis. Thieme, Stuttgart, S 47–61

    Google Scholar 

  63. Schiele GM, Pobiruchin M, Weickert U (2020) Internistische Sonographie des Abdomens für Notfallpatienten: Bietet eine vollständige Abdominalsonographie Vorteile? Dtsch Med Wochenschr 145(8):41–49

    Google Scholar 

  64. Seymour CW, Liu VX, Iwashyna TJ (2016) Assessment of clinical criteria for sepsis: for the third international consensus definitions for sepsis and septic shock (sepsis-3). JAMA 315(8):762–774

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  65. Sigterman K, van Pinxteren B, Bonis PA et al (2013) Short-term treatment with proton pump inhibitors and prokinetics for gastro-oesophageal reflux disease-like symptoms and endoscopy negative reflux disease. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD002095.pub5

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  66. Singer M, Deutschman CS, Seymour CW et al (2016) The third international consensus definitions for sepsis and septic shock (sepsis-3). JAMA 315(8):801–810

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  67. Speets AM, Hoes AW, Graaf Y et al (2006) Upper abdominal ultrasound in general practice: indications, diagnostic yield and consequences for patient management. Fam Pract 23(5):507–511

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  68. Tack J, Talley NJ, Camilleri M et al (2006) Functional gastroduodenal disorders. Gastroenterology 130(5):1466–1479

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  69. Thistle JL, Cleary PA, Lachin JM et al (1984) The natural history of cholelithiasis: the National Cooperative Gallstone Study. Ann Intern Med 101(2):171–175

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  70. Toorenvliet BR, Bakker RFR, Fu HC et al (2010) Standard outpatient re-evaluation for patients not admitted to the hospital after emergency department evaluation for acute abdominal pain. World J Surg 34(3):480–486

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  71. Tosetti C, Stanghellini V (1998) Management of dyspepsia in general practice. A critical assessment. PharmacoEconomics 14(2):57–66

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  72. Tosetti C, Bellentani S, Benedetto E et al (2010) The management of patients with new onset of upper gastro-intestinal symptoms in primary care. Dig Liver Dis 42(12):860–864

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  73. Trede M, Gai H (1986) Which acute abdominal diseases must have urgent surgery? Langenbecks Arch Chir 369:651–657

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  74. Udnik MT, Darbha S, Jones J (2013) The diagnosis of acute mesenteric ischemia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Acad Emerg Med 20(1):1087–1100

    Google Scholar 

  75. Van den Heuvel-Janssen HA, Borghouts JA, Muris JW et al (2006) Chronic non-specific abdominal pain complaints in general practice: a prospective study to management, patient health status and course of compliants. BMC Fam Pract 7:12

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  76. Viniol A, Keunecke C, Biroga T et al (2014) Studies of the symptom abdominal pain—a systematic review and metaanalysis. Fam Pract 31(5):517–529

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  77. Watanabe T, Fujiwara Y, Chan FK (2020) Current knowledge on non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug-induced small-bowel damage: a comprehensive review. J Gastroenterol 55(5):481–495

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  78. Wübken M, Bühner M, Barth N et al (2015) Welche Aspekte tragen in der täglichen Routine zur diagnostischen Unsicherheit bei? Ergebnisse einer hausärztlichen Befragung. Z Allg Med 91:392–398

    Google Scholar 

  79. Yamamoto W, Kono H, Maekawa H et al (1997) The relationship between abdominal pain regions and specific diseases: an epidemiologic approach to clinical practice. J Epidemiol 7(1):27–32

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  80. Yarmish GM, Smith MP, Rosen MP et al (2014) ACR Appropriateness Criteria Right Upper Quadrant Pain. J Am Coll Radiol 11(3):316–322

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to G. Fröhlich.

Ethics declarations

Interessenkonflikt

G. Fröhlich und H. Fröhlich geben an, dass kein Interessenkonflikt besteht.

Für diesen Beitrag wurden von den Autoren keine Studien an Menschen oder Tieren durchgeführt. Für die aufgeführten Studien gelten die jeweils dort angegebenen ethischen Richtlinien.

Additional information

Redaktion

D. Burchert, Mainz

G. Hasenfuß, Göttingen

E. Märker-Hermann, Wiesbaden

J. Mössner, Leipzig

C.C. Sieber, Nürnberg

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Fröhlich, G., Fröhlich, H. Oberbauchschmerz – ein häufiges und facettenreiches Leitsymptom in der internistisch-hausärztlichen Praxis. Internist 62, 3–16 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00108-020-00917-7

Download citation

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00108-020-00917-7

Schlüsselwörter

Keywords

Navigation