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Das Fettgewebe – ein endokrines Organ

Adipose tissue—an endocrine organ

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Zusammenfassung

Adipositas gehört zu den wichtigsten Gesundheitsproblemen. Ihre Inzidenz ist in den vergangenen Jahrzehnten dramatisch gestiegen. Kennzeichnend ist eine Zunahme an Fettgewebe. Neben den wichtigen Funktionen als Energiespeicher, mechanischer Schutz und Wärmeisolator ist das Fettgewebe ein aktives endokrines Organ, das Hunderte von Peptidhormonen produziert, sog. Adipokine. Über Adipokine signalisiert das Fettgewebe anderen Geweben und Organsystemen seinen Funktionszustand. Bei Adipositas ist die Funktion des Fettgewebes häufig gestört. Die resultierenden Veränderungen zirkulierender Adipokinspiegel können das Risiko für die Entstehung von Insulinresistenz, Typ-2-Diabetes, Fettlebererkrankung, Bluthochdruck, Fettstoffwechselstörungen, endothelialer Dysfunktion u. a. erhöhen. Deshalb ist denkbar, dass Adipokine in der Zukunft als diagnostische Marker, als Substrat oder Therapeutikum für pharmakologische Therapiestrategien metabolischer Erkrankungen klinisch relevant werden.

Abstract

The incidence of obesity has increased dramatically during recent decades. Obesity increases the risk for metabolic and cardiovascular diseases and may therefore contribute to premature death. With increasing fat mass, secretion of adipose tissue derived bioactive molecules (adipokines) changes towards a proinflammatory, diabetogenic and atherogenic pattern. Adipokines are involved in the regulation of appetite and satiety, energy expenditure, activity, endothelial function, hemostasis, blood pressure, insulin sensitivity, energy metabolism in insulin sensitive tissues, adipogenesis, fat distribution and insulin secretion in pancreatic β-cells. Therefore, adipokines are clinically relevant as biomarkers for fat distribution, adipose tissue function, liver fat content, insulin sensitivity and chronic inflammation and have the potential for future pharmacological treatment strategies for obesity and related diseases. This review focuses on the clinical relevance of selected adipokines as markers or predictors of obesity-related diseases and as potential therapeutic tools or targets in metabolic and cardiovascular diseases.

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Einhaltung ethischer Richtlinien

Interessenkonflikt. M. Blüher gibt an, dass kein Interessenkonflikt besteht. Der Beitrag enthält keine Studien an Menschen oder Tieren.

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  1. Klinik und Poliklinik für Endokrinologie und Nephrologie, Department für Innere Medizin, Neurologie und Dermatologie, Universitätsklinikum Leipzig, AöR, Liebigstr. 20, 04103, Leipzig, Deutschland

    M. Blüher

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Blüher, M. Das Fettgewebe – ein endokrines Organ. Internist 55, 687–698 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00108-014-3456-3

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