Skip to main content
Log in

Hämatopoetische Wachstumsfaktoren

Möglichkeiten und Grenzen

Hematopoietic growth factors

Possibilities and limitations

  • CME Weiterbildung · Zertifizierte Fortbildung
  • Published:
Der Internist Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Zusammenfassung

Die Produktion hämatopoetischer Zellen unterliegt einer engen Kontrolle durch auch als Zytokine agierende Wachstumsfaktoren. Granulozyten-Kolonie-stimulierender Faktor (G-CSF), Erythropoetin (EPO) und Erythropoese-stimulierende Wirkstoffe (ESA) sowie Thrombopoese-stimulierende Wirkstoffe (TSA) stehen für den klinischen Gebrauch zur Verfügung. Granulozyten-Kolonie-stimulierender Faktor wird zur Prävention der febrilen Neutropenie nach Chemotherapie oder zur Erhöhung der Dosisdichte der Chemotherapie eingesetzt. Da mehrere Studien nur einen moderaten klinischen Vorteil gezeigt haben, zielen die aktuellen Empfehlungen auf den Einsatz bei Therapien mit hohem Risiko febriler Neutropenien ab. Erythropoese-stimulierende Wirkstoffe werden bei Tumorpatienten mit symptomatischer Anämie, die eine Chemotherapie erhalten, eingesetzt. Verschiedene randomisierte kontrollierte Studien haben bei Patienten mit unterschiedlichen Tumorentitäten schwerwiegende Risiken (z. B. thromboembolische Komplikationen, verkürztes krankheitsfreies Überleben bzw. Gesamtüberleben) unter Gabe von ESA ergeben, die zur Vorsicht bei der Verordnung mahnen und eine Verordnung außerhalb der zugelassenen Anwendungsgebiete verbieten. Thrombopoese-stimulierende Wirkstoffe wurden kürzlich für Patienten mit refraktärer behandlungsbedürftiger Immunthrombozytopenie in den klinischen Gebrauch eingeführt. Vor dem Einsatz bei häufigeren derzeit nichtzugelassenen Indikationen, z. B. bei chemotherapieinduzierten Thrombozytopenien, sollten aber die mit G-CSF und EPO gewonnenen Erfahrungen einen voreiligen und unkritischen Gebrauch verhindern.

Abstract

The production of hematopoietic cells is under the tight control of distinct growth factors. As therapeutic agents, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF), erythropoietin (EPO), and thrombopoiesis-stimulating agents (TSA) are in routine clinical use. Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor is used to prevent febrile neutropenia or to increase dose-density in chemotherapy regimens. Despite a reduced duration of neutropenia, randomized controlled trials have documented only a modest clinical benefit. A clinical advantage of dose-dense chemotherapy has been shown only in specific chemotherapy regimens. Clinical practice guidelines recommend the use of G-CSF for patients with a high risk of adverse outcome of febrile neutropenia. Erythropoiesis-stimulating agents (ESAs) are used as an alternative to blood transfusion in patients with chemotherapy-induced anemia. However, recent meta-analyses of clinical studies suggest that their use was associated with an increased risk of all-cause mortality and serious adverse events. Thrombopoiesis-stimulating agents have been introduced recently into the market for patients with immune thrombocytopenic purpura. Prior to the use of TSA in other conditions such as chemotherapy-induced thrombocytopenia the lessons learned with G-CSF and ESAs should be taken into account.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Abb. 1
Abb. 2
Abb. 3

Literatur

  1. Aapro MS, Cameron DA, Pettengell R et al (2006) EORTC guidelines for the use of granulocyte-colony stimulating factor to reduce the incidence of chemotherapy-induced febrile neutropenia in adult patients with lymphomas and solid tumours. Eur J Cancer 42:2433–2453

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  2. Arcasoy MO (2008) The non-haematopoietic biological effects of erythropoietin. Br J Haematol 141:14–31

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. Bennett CL, Silver SM, Djulbegovic B et al (2008) Venous thromboembolism and mortality associated with recombinant erythropoietin and darbepoetin administration for the treatment of cancer-associated anemia. JAMA 299:914–924

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Böning D, Maassen N (2008) Wirkungsmechanismen von Erythropoetindoping. Dtsch Z Sportmed 59:175–177

    Google Scholar 

  5. Bohlius J, Schmidlin K, Brillant C et al (2009) Recombinant human erythropoiesis-stimulating agents and mortality in patients with cancer: a meta-analysis of randomised trials. Lancet 373:1532–1542

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. Bussel JB, Kuter DJ, George JN et al (2006) AMG 531, a thrombopoiesis-stimulating protein, for chronic ITP. N Engl J Med 355:1672–1681

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. Bussel JB, Cheng G, Saleh MN et al (2007) Eltrombopag for the treatment of chronic idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura. N Engl J Med 357:2237–2247

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Bussel JB, Provan D, Shamsi T et al (2009) Effect of eltrombopag on platelet counts and bleeding during treatment of chronic idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Lancet 373:641–648

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. Cheng AC, Stephens DP, Currie BJ (2007) Granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) as an adjunct to antibiotics in the treatment of pneumonia in adults. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2: CD004400

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Clark OAC, Lyman C, Castro AA et al (2000) Colony stimulating factors for chemotherapy induced febrile neutropenia. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 4: CD003039

    Google Scholar 

  11. Henke M, Laszig R, Rübe C et al (2003) Erythropoietin to treat head and neck cancer patients with anaemia undergoing radiotherapy: randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Lancet 362:1255–1260

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Kantarjian H, Fenaux P, Sekeres MA et al (2010) Safety and efficacy of romiplostim in patients with lower-risk myelodysplastic syndrome and thrombocytopenia. J Clin Oncol 28:437–444

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. Kaushansky K (2006) Lineage-specific hematopoietic growth factors. N Engl J Med 354:2034–2045

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. Kuderer NM, Dale DC, Crawford J, Lyman GH (2007) Impact of primary prophylaxis with granulocyte colony-stimulating factor on febrile neutropenia and mortality in adult cancer patients receiving chemotherapy: a systematic review. J Clin Oncol 25:3158–3167

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Kuter DJ, Bussel JB, Lyons RM et al (2008) Efficacy of romiplostim in patients with chronic immune thrombocytopenic purpura: a double-blind randomised controlled trial. Lancet 371:395–403

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. Leyland-Jones B, Semiglazov V, Pawlicki M et al (2005) Maintaining normal hemoglobin levels with epoetin alfa in mainly nonanemic patients with metastatic breast cancer receiving first-line chemotherapy: a survival study. J Clin Oncol 23:5960–5972

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. McHutchison JG, Dusheiko G, Shiffman ML et al; TPL102357 Study Group (2007) Eltrombopag for thrombocytopenia in patients with cirrhosis associated with hepatitis C. N Engl J Med 357:2227–2236

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. Provan D, Stasi R, Newland AC et al (2010) International consensus report on the investigation and management of primary immune thrombocytopenia. Blood 115:168–186

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Rizzo JD, Somerfield MR, Hagerty KL et al (2008) Use of epoetin and darbepoetin in patients with cancer: 2007 American Society of Hematology/American Society of Clinical Oncology clinical practice guideline update. Blood 111:25–41

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. Shaheen M, Broxmeyer HE (2005) The humoral regulation of hematopoiesis. In: Hoffman R, Benz EJ, Shattil SJ et al (eds) Hematology, basic principles and practice. Elsevier, Philadelphia, pp 233–265

  21. Smith TJ, Khatcheressian J, Lyman GH et al (2006) 2006 Update of recommendations for the use of white blood cell growth factors: an evidence-based clinical practice guideline. J Clin Oncol 24:1–19

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. Tonelli M, Hemmelgarn B, Reiman T et al (2009) Benefits and harms of erythropoiesis-stimulating agents for anemia related to cancer: a meta-analysis. CMAJ 180:E62–71

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Interessenkonflikt

Bei W.-D. Ludwig und M.O. Hildebrandt besteht kein Interessenkonflikt. T.K. Held ist Prüfarzt in einer Studie, die den Einsatz von Romiplostim bei myelodysplastischen Syndromen untersucht.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to W.-D. Ludwig.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Held, T., Hildebrandt, M. & Ludwig, WD. Hämatopoetische Wachstumsfaktoren. Internist 51, 863–874 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00108-010-2641-2

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00108-010-2641-2

Schlüsselwörter

Keywords

Navigation