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41-jährige Patientin mit ST-Hebungsinfarkt und multiplen arteriellen Embolien

41-year-old female patient with ST-elevation myocardial infarction and multiple arterial emboli

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Zusammenfassung

Eine 41-jährige Patientin kommt mit ausgeprägtem thorakalem Druckgefühl in die Notaufnahme. Zusätzlich bestehen seit 5 Wochen Schmerzen in beiden Beinen sowie ein Gewichtsverlust von insgesamt 5 kg in den letzten 10 Tagen. Das EKG zeigt einen anterioren ST-Streckenhebungsinfarkt. In der sofort durchgeführten Koronarangiographie wurde eine relevante koronare Herzkrankheit ausgeschlossen, jedoch eine Vorderwandakinesie mit Thrombus nachgewiesen. Bei im Verlauf deutlich ansteigenden Herzenzymen wurde eine passagere Koronarthrombose als Infarktursache vermutet. Die zusätzliche Diagnostik zeigte multiple arterielle Gefäßverschlüsse in Milz und Unterschenkelarterien. Trotz einer typischen Risikokonstellation (Rauchen, Fettstoffwechselstörung, hormonelle Kontrazeption) erfolgte die Suche nach einer ursächlichen Grundkrankheit. Der Urinstatus gab den entscheidenden Hinweis auf das Vorliegen eines nephrotischen Syndroms. Mittels Nierenbiopsie konnte eine Minimal-change-Glomerulopathie nachgewiesen werden, welche die Hyperkoagulabilität erklären konnte. Mit einer systemischen Steroidtherapie war eine rasche Remission zu erzielen. Im Rahmen der Abklärung des akuten Koronarsyndroms müssen insbesondere bei normalen Koronargefäßen seltene, aber gut behandelbare Ursachen bedacht und sicher ausgeschlossen werden.

Abstract

A 41-year-old woman presented with acute angina in the emergency unit. Additionally, she reported pain in both legs and a weight loss of 5 kilograms within the last 10 days. ECG revealed an acute anterior myocardial infarction. However, immediate coronary angiography showed open arteries with minimal arteriosclerosis. A characteristic rise of cardiac enzymes together with an akinesis of the anterior wall and an adjacent mural thrombus was highly suggestive of a transient coronary thrombosis. Further investigations showed occlusion of multiple arteries in both legs and a splenic infarct. Although there was a typical risk profile including smoking, hyperlipidemia and regular estrogen medication, a further work-up was started. Urin analysis was decisive for the presence of proteinuria and a severe nephrotic syndrome. The definite diagnosis was made by direct biopsy of the kidney that revealed the characteristic findings of a minimal change glomerulopathy. Rapid remission could be induced by high-dose oral steroids. During routine work-up of coronary syndromes, especially in those with normal coronaries, rare but treatable causes of myocardial infarction and coagulopathy have to be thought of and should carefully be excluded.

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Correspondence to J. Bramstedt.

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Bramstedt, J., Schröder, J. & Dißmann, R. 41-jährige Patientin mit ST-Hebungsinfarkt und multiplen arteriellen Embolien. Internist 51, 902–908 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00108-009-2549-x

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