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Isolationsmaßnahmen bei Infektionen der Luftwege

Isolation precautions in respiratory tract infections

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Zusammenfassung

Respiratorische Infektionen gehören zu den häufigsten Infektionen bei Kindern und Erwachsenen. Rund 1/3 aller infektbedingten Krankenhausaufnahmen betreffen Infektionen der Atemwege. Infektionen der oberen Atemwege gehören zu den häufigsten Ursachen für Absenzen von der Schule oder Arbeit. Die Mehrheit der respiratorischen Infektionen sind viral bedingt. Viren besitzen in der Regel eine hohe Infektiosität und werden vorwiegend durch Tröpfchen, aber auch durch direkten oder indirekten Kontakt via kontaminierte Oberflächen übertragen. Isolationsmaßnahmen bei respiratorischen Infektionen dienen dem Personalschutz sowie der Verhinderung nosokomialer Infektionen im stationären und ambulanten Setting. Im Gegensatz zum stationären Bereich bestehen für den ambulanten Bereich keine detaillierten Richtlinien. Im vorliegenden Artikel werden die Isolationsmaßnahmen bei ambulanten Patienten vorgestellt.

Abstract

Respiratory tract infections belong to the most important infections in children and adults. One third of all infection-related hospitalizations are due to respiratory tract infections. Upper respiratory tract infections are one of the most important reasons for absence from school or work. The majority of respiratory tract infections are of viral origin. Viral infections are usually highly contagious. They are transmitted mainly by droplets, but also by direct or indirect contact via contaminated objects. Isolation precautions in respiratory tract infections are important to protect health-care workers from infection and prevent nosocomial transmission in the hospital and ambulatory care setting. Unlike for the hospital setting there are no detailed recommendations available for isolation precautions in the ambulatory care setting. Isolation precautions for outpatients are described in this article.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Infektiologie & Spitalhygiene, Kantonsspital Aarau, Tellstrasse, 5001, Aarau, Schweiz

    M. Buehlmann MD & A.F. Widmer

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  1. M. Buehlmann MD
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  2. A.F. Widmer
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Correspondence to M. Buehlmann MD.

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Buehlmann, M., Widmer, A. Isolationsmaßnahmen bei Infektionen der Luftwege. Internist 51, 161–168 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00108-009-2417-8

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00108-009-2417-8

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