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Hautmetastasen bei viszeralen Malignomen

Eine epidemiologische Studie

Cutaneous metastases from malignancies which do not originate from the skin. An epidemiological study

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Zusammenfassung

Ziel dieser retrospektiven Studie war es, epidemiologische Daten von Hautmetastasen bei viszeralen Malignomen im Kanton Aargau, Schweiz, zu erarbeiten. In der Abteilung für Dermatologie des Kantonsspitals Aarau, Schweiz, wurden im Zeitraum vom 1. Januar 1998 bis zum 31. Dezember 2003, 19.491 Patienten gesehen. Mit Hilfe einer Computersuche wurden diejenigen Patienten herausgefiltert, welche histologisch verifizierte Hautmetastasen bei viszeralem Malignom aufwiesen. Im Gesamtkollektiv von 19.491 Patienten fanden sich 37 Fälle (0,2%) von Hautmetastasen bei nicht primär kutanen Malignomen verteilt auf 36 Patienten. Das Studienkollektiv umfasste 24 Frauen (66,7%) und 12 Männer (33,3%). Bei den 37 Malignomdiagnosen handelte es sich um 19 Mammakarzinome (51,4%), 8 Sarkome (21,6%), 2 Leukämien (5,4%), 2 Kolorektalkarzinome (5,4%) und je 1 Bronchialkarzinom, 1 Tubenkarzinom, 1 Prostatakarzinom, 1 Karzinoid, 1 Non-Hodgkin-Lymphom und 1 malignes Histiozytom (je 2,7%). Unsere Studie zeigt, dass Hautmetastasen bei nicht primär kutanen Malignomen selten sind und gehäuft bei spezifischen Malignomen auftreten (Mammakarzinom, Sarkome). Die frühzeitige und korrekte Diagnose hat für die Patienten therapeutische und prognostische Bedeutung. Das Auftreten von Hautmetastasen ist ein Anzeichen der fortgeschrittenen Grunderkrankung und geht mit einer schlechten Prognose einher.

Abstract

The objective of our study was to get epidemiological data in the region of Aarau, Switzerland, about the frequency of cutaneous metastases from visceral malignancies. With a computer search we analyzed all patients with skin metastases from visceral malignancies who had attended our clinic between January 1, 1998, and December 31, 2003. Out of 19 491 patients, 37 had cutaneous metastases from visceral tumours (0,19%): 25 women (67.5%) and 12 men (32.5%) were affected. 19 had breast cancer (51%), 8 sarcomas (21%), 2 leukemia (5%), 2 colorectal cancer, and one each ovary carcinoma, bronchial cancer, prostate cancer, malignant histiocytoma and Non-Hodgkin lymphoma (3%). In 24 cases the primary malignancy was known (65%). In 35% cutaneous metastases were diagnosed at the same time as the primary tumour. Primary malignancies were diagnosed in 54% within the age range of 50–70 years, and 65% of cutaneous metastases were diagnosed within the age range of 50–80 years. In 51% skin metastases were the first site of dissemination. In 49% other known metastases were present (5% locoregional, 38% lymph nodes, 3% brain, 3% lung, 3% liver). Our study documents that cutaneous metastases from visceral malignancies are rare. However, early diagnosis has an impact concerning further treatment and prognosis.

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Itin, P., Tomaschett, S. Hautmetastasen bei viszeralen Malignomen. Internist 50, 179–186 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00108-008-2208-7

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00108-008-2208-7

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