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Hautveränderungen bei internistischen Krankheiten

Skin signs of systemic diseases

  • Schwerpunkt: Dermatologie für Internisten
  • Published:
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Zusammenfassung

Zahlreiche Hautveränderungen sind für Nichtdermatologen von großer Bedeutung, da sie wegweisend für internistische Grundkrankheiten sein können oder auf assoziierte Komplikationen oder Nebenwirkungen von Therapien hinweisen. Ein frühes Erkennen von gegebenenfalls nur wenig ausgeprägten Hautmanifestationen erlaubt durch unverzügliches Handeln ernsthafte Folgen zu verhindern. Am Beispiel der limitierten Formen von Kollagenosen ist die Markerfunktion der Haut nicht nur diagnostisch sondern auch prognostisch erwähnenswert, was bei günstigerem Verlauf auch sanftere Therapien erlaubt. Als wichtigste Voraussetzung für eine korrekte Diagnose von kutanen Läsionen ist ein sorgfältiger und vollständiger Hautstatus unter zusätzlicher Berücksichtigung der angrenzenden Schleimhäute und Hautanhangsgebilde unabdingbar. In einem ersten Schritt sollte der primäre anatomische Sitz, die Morphologie und die Anordnung der Läsion erkannt werden, danach ist die Verteilung zu beurteilen. Der vorliegende Artikel beschreibt häufigere Hautmanifestationen bei Erkrankungen unterschiedlicher Organsysteme (mit Ausnahme von Infektionen, Stoffwechselstörungen und Arzneimittelnebenwirkungen).

Abstract

Many aspects of cutaneous signs are of importance to nondermatologists, as skin manifestations can reflect internal disease states, either directly or as a result of a complication or treatment and therefore can lead to the diagnosis of systemic illness. Serious morbidity and mortality can be avoided by early recognition of only minor cutaneous manifestations signaling internal problems. Limited forms of collagen vascular disease exemplify the important marker function of the skin for diagnosis as well as for prognosis with their typically favorable course permitting a less aggressive treatment. The utmost important prerequisite of diagnosing skin conditions is an accurate and thorough examination of the skin, the adjacent mucous membranes and the integumentary appendages. In a first step, the primary site of the cutaneous condition should be identified (e.g. epidermal, dermal or subdermal) and then the form, the pattern, and distribution should be recognized. There are many comprehensive and excellent textbooks available for guidance. This article focuses on the more common dermatologic conditions linked to different organ systems involved (excluding infectious diseases, metabolic diseases and drug induced conditions).

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Lautenschlager, S. Hautveränderungen bei internistischen Krankheiten. Internist 50, 137–149 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00108-008-2206-9

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00108-008-2206-9

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