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Prävention von Malignomen des Verdauungstrakts

Prevention of gastrointestinal malignancies

  • Schwerpunkt: Prävention in der Inneren Medizin
  • Published:
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Zusammenfassung

Malignome des Gastrointestinaltrakts stellen zusammengenommen die häufigste krebsbedingte Todesursache in Deutschland dar. Die Morbidität durch diese Erkrankungen ist erheblich. Trotz der Fortschritte in der chirurgischen und medikamentösen Therapie gastrointestinaler Malignome besteht im fortgeschrittenen Stadium in der Regel keine Heilungsmöglichkeit mehr. Präventionsmaßnahmen und Screening können die Letalität durch diese Karzinome senken. Vermeidung von Übergewicht bzw. Gewichtsabnahme sowie Nikotinkarenz sind effektive vorbeugende Maßnahmen bei Ösophagus-, Pankreas- und kolorektalem Karzinom. Behandlung von Infektionen durch Hepatitisviren und Helicobacter pylori schützt vor hepatozellulärem Karzinom bzw. Magenkarzinom. Das beste Beispiel für eine wirksame Vorsorgeuntersuchung ist die Koloskopie. Durch die Koloskopie können kolorektale Adenome und Karzinome frühzeitig entdeckt, Adenome als Präkanzerosen endoskopisch in gleicher Sitzung entfernt werden. Der Einsatz einfacher Präventionsstrategien und effizienter Vorsorgemaßnahmen bei gastrointestinalen Malignomen wird im vorliegenden Beitrag praxisnah erläutert.

Abstract

Malignancies of the gastrointestinal tract are the most common causes of cancer-related deaths in Germany. They also induce significant morbidity. Despite both surgical and medical therapeutic improvements, advanced stages of these cancers can rarely be cured. Preventive and screening measures are suitable to decrease gastrointestinal cancer-related mortality. Weight reduction and cessation of smoking are effective in preventing esophageal, pancreatic and colorectal cancer. Treatment of infections like chronic viral hepatitis and helicobacter pylori gastritis is able to protect from hepatocellular and gastric cancer, respectively. Colonoscopy is one of the best established screening methods. It allows early detection of colorectal neoplasia. Preneoplastic adenomas can be endoscopically removed during the same session. We here review simple prevention strategies and effective screening methods in gastrointestinal cancers of relevance in daily practice.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik II, Universitätsklinikum Leipzig, AöR, Philipp-Rosenthal Straße 27, 04103, Leipzig, Deutschland

    A. Hoffmeister, I. Schiefke, N. Teich, J. Mössner &  K. Schoppmeyer

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  1. A. Hoffmeister
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  2. I. Schiefke
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  3. N. Teich
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  4. J. Mössner
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  5. K. Schoppmeyer
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Correspondence to K. Schoppmeyer.

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Hoffmeister, A., Schiefke, I., Teich, N. et al. Prävention von Malignomen des Verdauungstrakts. Internist 49, 178–184 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00108-007-1998-3

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00108-007-1998-3

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