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Differenzialdiagnose Dyspnoe

Differential diagnoses of dyspnoea

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Zusammenfassung

Dyspnoe (Luftnot) ist ein individuell empfundenes Gefühl, welches durch den Untersucher nicht immer objektivierbar ist. Es handelt sich dabei um qualitativ unterschiedliche Empfindungen mit wechselnder Intensität. Dieses Erleben resultiert aus Interaktionen zwischen vielen verschiedenen physiologischen, psychosozialen und Umweltfaktoren. Die Mechanismen, die zur Dyspnoe führen, sind nicht vollständig verstanden. So existieren Beweise dafür, dass außer den mechanischen Ursachen wie Ventilationsstörungen (Obstruktion, Restriktion), Störungen der Atemmuskeln, knöcherne Deformitäten etc., viele andere Ursachen zu Atemnot führen können. Jede pulmonale oder kardiale Erkrankung führt mit hoher Wahrscheinlichkeit abhängig vom Schweregrad bei Progredienz irgendwann zu Dyspnoe. Ziel dieses Artikels ist es, eine Übersicht über pathophysiologische Mechanismen und Zusammenhänge, zu Diagnostik und Differenzialdiagnosen zu geben.

Abstract

Dyspnoea is a very subjective phenomenon based on the variation in severity for a given degree of functional impairment. It is difficult to grade dyspnoea. Dyspnoea is caused by a variety of physiological, pathophysiological, psychological and environmental factors. The mechanisms leading to dyspnoea are not completely understood. It is known that mechanical reasons like ventilation disturbances (obstruction, restriction), impairment of the ventilation muscles, skeletal deformation and many other reasons can cause dyspnoea. Every pulmonary or cardiac disease may induce dyspnoea depending on the progression of the underlying disease. The aim of this article is to give an overview of basic pathophysiological mechanisms, diagnostic procedures and considerations with regard to possible differential diagnoses.

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  1. Abteilung für Pulmonologie, Universitätsklinikum Giessen und Marburg, Standort Marburg, Baldingerstraße 1, 35042, Marburg, Deutschland

    A.R. Koczulla

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  1. A.R. Koczulla
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Koczulla, A. Differenzialdiagnose Dyspnoe. Internist 48, 1389–1400 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00108-007-1976-9

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