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Doping

High-Tech-Betrug im Sport

Doping

High-tech cheating in sport

  • Arzneimitteltherapie
  • Published:
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Zusammenfassung

Doping beschränkt sich heutzutage nicht mehr auf klassische Pharmaka mit bekanntem Wirkungs- und Nebenwirkungsprofil. Lediglich beim Doping im Freizeit- und Fitnesssport werden noch überwiegend anabole Steroide (AAS) älterer Generationen gebraucht. Im Leistungssport hingegen kommen aufgrund der Dopingkontrollen Peptidhormone, noch nicht zugelassene Arzneimittel oder sogar speziell für den Hochleistungssport entwickelte Drogen wie Designersteroide zur Anwendung. Von den Peptidhormonen werden insbesondere Wachstumshormon (HGH), Erythropoietin (EPO) und Analoga, Insulin sowie vermutlich auch „insulin-like growth factor 1“ (IGF-1) angewandt. Noch nicht zugelassene Arzneimittelgruppen mit hohem Dopingpotenzial stellen insbesondere selektive Androgenrezeptormodulatoren (SARMs) aber auch Gentherapeutika dar. Für die meisten dieser Substanzgruppen liegen weder Kenntnisse über ihre Nebenwirkungen bei Anwendung am Gesunden vor, noch kann momentan von einer suffizienten Dopinganalytik ausgegangen werden. Anti-Doping-Maßnahmen dürfen sich deshalb nicht ausschließlich auf eine weitere Verbesserung der Dopinganalytik verlassen, sondern sollten insbesondere auch verstärkt Maßnahmen zur Dopingprävention beinhalten. Hierbei sind neben den Organisationen des Sports insbesondere staatliche Institutionen gefordert.

Abstract

Today, doping is no longer limited to the classical drugs with well known effects and side effects. Older generation anabolic steroids are used mainly in fitness and recreational sports. In contrast, due to doping tests, substances used in competitive sports include peptide hormones, medications not yet approved, and even specially developed drugs, such as designer steroids. Of the peptide hormones, particularly growth hormones (human growth hormone), erythropoietin and generics, insulin, and presumably insulin-like growth factor 1 are used. Substance groups potentially relevant for doping are selective androgen receptor modulators and gene therapy drugs. For most of these, there is no knowledge about side effects in healthy individuals, and no adequate doping tests. Therefore, anti-doping measures cannot rely solely on the continual improvement of doping analyses, but should include increased measures for doping prevention. Not only sports organizations, but also governmental agencies should be involved in developing and implementing these measures.

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  1. Abteilung Sportmedizin, Medizinische Universitätsklinik Tübingen, Silcherstraße 5, 72076, Tübingen, Deutschland

    H. Striegel & P. Simon

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  1. H. Striegel
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  2. P. Simon
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Correspondence to H. Striegel.

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Striegel, H., Simon, P. Doping. Internist 48, 737–742 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00108-007-1842-9

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00108-007-1842-9

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