Zusammenfassung
Unter den hämatologischen Neoplasien konnten in den letzten Jahren durch Genexpressionsanalysen mit DNA-Chips neue, biologisch und klinisch relevante Tumorgruppen identifiziert werden. Die heterogene Gruppe der diffusen, großzelligen B-Zelllymphome konnte in einen „Keimzentrums-B-Zelltyp“ und einen „aktivierten B-Zelltyp“ untergliedert werden. Beide Subgruppen weisen eine unterschiedliche Pathogenese und einen divergenten klinischen Verlauf auf. Bei den Leukämien konnten bestehende, auf morphologischen, zytogenetischen, molekularen und immunphänotypischen Merkmalen beruhende Einteilungen auf Genexpressionsebene bestätigt werden, aber auch neue molekulare Subgruppen definiert werden. In retrospektiven Lymphom- und Leukämiestudien wurden robuste Gensignaturen definiert, die zum Zeitpunkt der Diagnose eine Aussage über den klinischen Verlauf der Erkrankung erlauben. Aufgrund des großen Potenzials dieser Technologie erscheint auch ein zukünftiger Einsatz in der Routinediagnostik möglich.
Abstract
In hematological malignancies, gene expression profiling using DNA-microarrays led to the discovery of novel lymphoma and leukemia subgroups. The heterogeneous entity of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma could be subdivided into the germinal center B-cell-like and the activated B-cell-like subtype which differ in pathogenesis and clinical behavior. In leukemia, existing entities defined by morphological, cytogenetic, molecular and immunophenotypic criteria were confirmed on the global gene expression level; in addition, new important molecular subgroups could be identified. In retrospective clinical lymphoma and leukemia studies, robust gene expression signatures were discovered that predict the clinical course at the time of diagnosis. Given the huge potential of the DNA-microarray technology, application in the routine diagnostic setting appears possible.
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A.R. wird mit Mitteln des Interdisziplinären Zentrums für Klinische Forschung (IZKF) der Universität Würzburg gefördert.
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Feuring-Buske, M., Hartmann, E.M., Ott, G. et al. DNA-Chips in der Diagnostik hämatologischer Neoplasien. Internist 47, 39–46 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00108-005-1526-2
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00108-005-1526-2