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Systemischer Lupus erythematodes

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Zusammenfassung

Der systemische Lupus erythematodes (SLE) ist eine chronische entzündliche Erkrankung mit unbekannter Ursache, die fast jedes Organsystem betreffen kann. Dabei sind junge Frauen häufiger betroffen als Männer. Der klinische Verlauf ist durch Remissionen im Wechsel mit chronischen oder akuten Schüben charakterisiert. Die Diagnose des SLE setzt den Nachweis von typischen klinischen und immunologischen Kriterien voraus. Die Patienten zeigen eine große Bandbreite von Symptomen. Die Prognose ist variabel und abhängig von der Schwere und Art der Organbeteiligung. Eine effektive Behandlung basiert auf einer genauen Erfassung der Krankheitsaktivität aufgrund klinischer Untersuchung, Nachweis von charakteristischen Autoantikörpern wie anti-DNA-Antikörpern sowie der Bewertung von Organfunktionen mit Fokus auf eine Beteiligung von Niere oder ZNS. Das Therapieziel ist eine stabile Remission, die durch immunsuppressive Therapien mit Kortikosteroiden, Antimalariamittel, Azathioprin oder Cyclophosphamid erreicht werden kann. Die Langzeitbehandlung erfordert die Beachtung von Nebenwirkungen der medikamentösen Therapie, von Infektionen und Auswirkungen einer erhöhten Disposition zur Atherosklerose.

Abstract

Systemic lupus erythematosus is a chronic inflammatory disease of unknown origin which can affect nearly every organ system. Young women are involved more frequently than men. SLE is characterized by periods of remissions and chronic or acute relapses. Diagnosis of SLE requires the presence of typical clinical and immunological criteria. Patients suffer from a wide array of symptoms and have a variable prognosis depending upon the severity and the type of organ involvement. Effective treatment is based on accurate determination of disease activity by clinical investigation, evaluation of characteristic autoantibodies like anti-DNA antibodies and determination of organ function with focus on renal and cerebral manifestations. The goal of treatment is stable remission which can be reached using immunosuppressive drugs like corticosteroids, antimalaries, azathioprine or cyclophosphamide. Longterm success requires avoidance of corticosteroid-induced toxicity, infections and accelerated atherosclerosis.

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Kneitz, C., Goebeler, M. & Tony, H.P. Systemischer Lupus erythematodes. Internist 44, 1557–1574 (2003). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00108-003-1088-0

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