Skip to main content
Log in

Gewichtsreduktion mittels Pharmakotherapie

  • Arzneimitteltherapie: Pharmakologische Gewichtsreduktion
  • Published:
Der Internist Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Zusammenfassung

Die Adipositas stellt ein zunehmendes Problem in unserem Gesundheitssystem dar. Zur Therapie kommt in erster Linie eine Lebensstiländerung in Form von Umstellung der Ernährung, vermehrter körperlicher Bewegung und Verhaltensmodifikation in Frage. Die meisten Patienten sind allerdings nicht in der Lage, langfristig einem solchen Therapieregime zu folgen. Nimmt das Gewicht weniger als 5% in 3–6 Monaten ab, ist eine pharmakologische Behandlung zu überlegen.

Orlistat, ein gastrointestinaler Lipasehemmer, erhöht die Fettexkretion und vermindert so die Energieaufnahme. In Studien bis zu 4 Jahren Dauer wurde eine Nettogewichtsabnahme von 3–5 kg nachgewiesen, auch kardiovaskuläre Risikofaktoren bessern sich. Sibutramin, ein Serotonin- und Noradrenalinwiederaufnahmehemmer, verstärkt die Sättigung und erhöht den Energieverbrauch. Innerhalb eines Jahres wird eine Nettogewichtsabnahme von 4–6 kg erreicht. Für beide Pharmaka liegen bis jetzt keine Endpunktstudien vor.

Die Antiadiposita Orlistat und Sibutramin sind eine sinnvolle Therapieergänzung zu einer Lebensstiländerung bei der Behandlung von Adipösen. In der Hand eines fachkundigen Arztes bewirkt eine Kombinationstherapie aus nichtmedikamentösen und medikamentösen Maßnahmen eine deutliche Gewichtsreduktion bei mehr als der Hälfte der Patienten und verbessert die Morbidität und Lebensqualität.

Abstract

Obesity and its associated diseases are an increasing challenge in medicine. A change in lifestyle is usually the first step with modifications in nutrition, physical activity and behavior. However, most of obese patients are not able to follow such a treatment regimen for a longer period of time. If they do not lose >5% of initial weight within 3–6 months, pharmacological intervention should be taken into account.

Orlistat, a gastro-intestinal lipase inhibitor, enhances fat excretion thereby reducing energy uptake and body fat. Studies up to 4 years document a net weight loss of 3–5 kg, all cardiovascular risk factors are reduced. Sibutramine, a serotonin- and noradrenalin reuptake inhibitor, promotes satiety and stimulates energy expenditure. Within one year a net weight reduction of 4–6 kg is achieved and morbidity as well as quality of life are improved. For both drugs no endpoint outcomes are available so far.

The anti-obesity drugs orlistat and sibutramine are useful tools for overweight and obese patients as an adjunct to lifestyle changes. Under the supervision of experienced physicians the combined treatment consisting of non-pharmacological and pharmacological methods reduces body weight in more than half of the patients and improves morbidity and quality of life.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Abb. 1.
Abb. 2.
Abb. 3.
Abb. 4.
Abb. 5.
Abb. 6.
Abb. 7.

Literatur

  1. Anderson JW, Konz EC, Frederich RC, Wood CL (2001) Long-term weight-loss maintenance: a meta-analysis of US studies. Am J Clin Nutr 74: 579–584

    Google Scholar 

  2. Apfelbaum M, Vague P, Ziegler O, Hanotin C, Thomas F, Leutenegger E (1999) Long-term maintenance of weight loss after a very-low-caloric diet: a randomized blinded trial of the efficacy and tolerability of sibutramine. Am J Med 106: 179–184

    Google Scholar 

  3. Chiasson JL, Josse RG, Gomis R, Hanefeld M, Karasik A, Laakso M, for the STOP-NIDDM Trial Research Group (2002) Acarbose for prevention of type 2 diabetes mellitus: the STOP-NIDDM randomized trial. Lancet 359: 2072–2077

    Google Scholar 

  4. Colditz GA (1999) Economic costs of obesity and inactivity. Med Sci Sports Exerc 31: 663–667

    Google Scholar 

  5. Diabetes Prevention Program Research Group (2002) Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin. N Engl J Med 346: 393–403

    Google Scholar 

  6. Hauner H, Meier M, Wendland G, Lauterbach K and the S.A.T. study group (2002) Weight reduction by sibutramine in obese subjects in primary care medicine: the S.A.T. study. (submitted)

  7. Hazenberg BP (2000) Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled multicenter study of sibutramine in obese hyptertensive patients. Cardiology 94: 152–158

    Google Scholar 

  8. Heal DJ, Prow MR, Jackson HC, Martin KF, Cheetham SC (1998) Sibutramine: a novel anti-obesity drug. A review of the pharmacological evidence to differentiate it from d-amphetamine and d-fenfluramine. Int J Obes 22 (Suppl): S18–S28

    Google Scholar 

  9. Hollander PA, St. Elbein C, Hirsch IB et al. (1998) Role of orlistat in the treatment of obese patients with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care 21: 1288–1294

  10. James WP, Astrup A, Hilsted J et al. for the STORM Group (2000) Effect of sibutramine on weight maintenance after weight loss: a randomised trial. Lancet 356: 2119–2125

    Google Scholar 

  11. Kelley DE, Hill J, Bray GA, Miles J, Sunyer FXP, Hollander P, Klein S (2002) Clinical efficiacy of orlistat therapy in overweight and obese patients with insulin-treated type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care 25: 1033–1040

    Google Scholar 

  12. Lean MEJ (1997) Sibutramine—a review of clinical efficacy. Int J Obes 21: 116–123

    Google Scholar 

  13. Sarlio-Lähteenkorva A, Rissanen A, Kaprio J (2000) A descriptive study of weight loss maintenance: 6 and 15 year follow-up of initially overweight adults. Int J Obes 24: 116–125

    Google Scholar 

  14. Scholze J (2002) Adipositasbehandlung mit Sibutramin unter Praxisbedingungen. Dtsch Med Wochenschr 127: 606–610

    Google Scholar 

  15. Sharma AM, Golay A (2002) Effect of orlistat-induced weight loss on blood pressure and heart rate in obese patients with hypertension. J Hypertens 20: 1873–1878

    Google Scholar 

  16. Sjöström L, Rissanen A, Andersen T et al. for the European Multicentre Study Group (1998) Randomized placebo-controlled trial of orlistat for weight loss and prevention of weight regain in obese patients. Lancet 352: 167–173

    Google Scholar 

  17. Sjöström L (2002) Intervenire necesse est. Int J Obes 26 (Suppl): S3

    Google Scholar 

  18. Tuomilehto J, Lindström J, Eriksson JG, Valle TT, Hämäläinen H, Ilanne-Parikka P (2001) Prevention of type 2 diabetes mellitus by changes in lifestyle among subjects with impaired glucose tolerance. N Engl J Med 244: 1343–1350

    Google Scholar 

  19. Van Gaal LF, Wauters MA, Pfeiffer FW, De Leeuw IH (1998) Sibutramine and fat distribution: is there a role for pharmacotherapy in abdominal/visceral fat reduction? Int J Obes 22 (Suppl): S38–S40

    Google Scholar 

  20. Willett WC, Manson JE, Stampfer MJ, Colditz GA, Rosner B, Speizer FE, Hennekens CH (1995) Weight, weight chance, an coronary heart disease in women. Risk within the "normal" weight range. JAMA 273: 461–465

    Google Scholar 

  21. Wirth A, Platon J (2001) Effect of orlistat on body weight and co-morbidities in clinical practice: The XXL-Primary Health Care Observational Trial. Int J Obesity 25: 788 (abstract)

    Google Scholar 

  22. Wirth A, Krause J (2001) Long-term weight loss with sibutramine. A randomized controlled trial. JAMA 286: 1331–1339

    Google Scholar 

  23. Wirth A (2003) Adipositas-Fibel. Springer, Heidelberg Berlin New York, S 181

  24. Yanovski SZ, Yanovski JA (2002) Obesity. N Engl J Med 346: 591–602

  25. Zannad F, Gille B, Grentzinger A et al. (2002) Effects of sibutramine on ventricular dimensions and heart valves in obese patients during weight reduction. Am Heart J 144: 508–515

    Google Scholar 

  26. Zhi J, Melia AT, Guerciolini R, Chung J, Kinberg J, Hauptmann JB, Patel IH (1994) Retrospective population-based analysis of the dose-response (fecal fat excretion) relationship of orlistad in normal and obese volunteers. Clin Pharmacol Ther 56: 82–85

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to A. Wirth.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Wirth, A. Gewichtsreduktion mittels Pharmakotherapie. Internist 44, 359–366 (2003). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00108-003-0864-1

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00108-003-0864-1

Schlüsselwörter

Keywords

Navigation