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Investigation on a fossil Sequoia bark from Turkey

Untersuchungen an einer fossilen Sequoia-Rinde aus der Türkei

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Abstract

A fossil bark from a complete Sequoia trunk recovered near Istanbul (Turkey) was investigated to assess the degree of degradation of some of its components with respect to a modern Sequoia. Polyoses were studied by cation exchange technique while terpenes with GC/MS analyses of the dichloromethane extracts. Exchange measurements have shown the loss of nearly all carboxyl ester groups of the fossil bark like in most fossil woods. The moist environment is considered the major cause of the hydrolysis of original carboxyl esters to free carboxyl groups. Trifluoroacetic lignins have shown the occurrence of carboxyl groups attributable to the non-polyose fraction of bark in amounts nearly equivalent to those of polyoses. This acidity occurs in forms of free carboxyls and carboxyl esters, analogously to the acidity supplied by polyoses. Terpene content, both as amount and component number, is lower in the fossil bark than in the reference one. Identified components of fossil bark were some monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes in traces, the diterpenes abietatriene, simonellite and dehydroferruginol as well as vanillin and beta-sitosterol. Reference bark revealed the presence of abietatriene, simonellite, the phenol-diterpenes sugiol, dehydroferruginol and perhaps methylferruginol in addition to beta-sitosterol. While the structure of mass spectra of unidentified components has pointed to the presence of other phenol-diterpenes, no evidence of fats or long-chain alcohols was found.

Zusammenfassung

Die fossile Rinde eines vollständig erhaltenen Sequoia-stammes aus der Türkei wurde untersucht, um den Abbaugrad einiger Komponenten im Vergleich zu rezenter Sequoia zu bestimmen. Polyosen wurden mittels Kationenaustausch technik analysiert, Terpene mittels GC/MS der Dichlormethan-Extrakte. In der fossilen Rinde sind, ähnlich wie im fossilen Holz, fast alle freien Carboxylgruppen abgebaut. Die feuchte Umgebung der Probe wird als Hauptursache für die Hydrolyse zu Carboxysäuren angesehen. Die TFE-Lignine wiesen Carboxylgruppen in gleicher Höhe auf wie die Polyosen, und zwar in Form von freiem Carboxyl und als Carboxylester. Der Terpengehalt der fossilen Rinde ist sowohl in der Menge als auch in der Anzahl der Verbindungen geringer als bei rezenter Rinde. Neben einigen Monoterpenen und Spuren von Sesquiterpenen konnten die Diterpene Abietatrien, Simonellit, Dehydroferruginol sowie Vanillin und Beta-Sitosterol identifiziert werden. In der rezenten Rinde fanden sich Abietatrien und Simonellit, die Phenol-Diterpene SuguioL Dehydroferruginol und sowie evtl. Methylferruginol zusammen mit Beta-Sitosterol. Die Struktur der Massen-Spektren weist auf die Gegenwart anderer Phenol-Diterpene hin. Dagegen fand sich kein Anzeichen für das Vorkommen von Fetten oder langkettigen Alkoholen.

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Staccioli, G., Uçar, G., Bartolini, G. et al. Investigation on a fossil Sequoia bark from Turkey. Holz als Roh- und Werkstoff 56, 426–429 (1998). https://doi.org/10.1007/s001070050346

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