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Chemical composition of extractives from Abies nordmanniana

Chemische Zusammensetzung der Extraktstoffe aus Abies nordmanniana

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Abstract

Wood and bark from Abies nordmanniana were studied for chemical composition of the extractives. The wood contained very low amounts of lipophilic and polar components. The lipophilic fraction of the extractives was composed of fatty acids, resin acids, alcohols and sterols, and the polar fraction was composed of monosaccharides and lignans. The bark contained very high amounts of lipophilic and polar components in comparison with the wood. The composition of lipophilic fraction did not significantly vary from the respective wood extract. Glycerol, gallic acid, sucrose, catechin isomers, gallocatechin isomers were identified in addition to monosaccharides and lignans among numerous components of the polar fraction of the bark. Successive extractions with benzene, ether, hot water and ethanol amounted up to 30% of the bark. Total solubles exceeded 50% of the bark by the treatment of the extractive-free bark with 1% hot NaOH. There were no significant differences between the samples prepared from young and old trees for the yields of the consecutive extractions and 1% NaOH solubility. However, Stiasny number determined as a measure of the phenol content (condensed tannins) was found to be much higher in the old samples than in the young ones.

Zusammenfassung

Holz und Rinde von Abies nordmanniana wurden extrahiert und die Extraktstoffe analysiert. Das Holz enthält sehr geringe Anteile an lipophilen und polaren Komponenten. Die lipophile Fraktion besteht aus Fettsäuren, Harzsäuren, Alkoholen und Sterolen. Die polar Fraktion enthält Monosaccharide und Lignane. In der Rinde war der Anteil beider Fraktionen sehr hoch; in ihrer Zusammensetzung unterschied sie sich allerdings nur unwesentlich von den Holzextrakten. Unter den zahlreichen Substanzen der polaren Fraktion der Rindenextrakte wurden neben Zuckern und Lignanen auch Glycerin, Gallensäure, Succrose, Catechin-Isomere und Gallocatechin-isomere identifiziert. Die sukzessive Extraktion der Rinde mit Benzol, Ether, Heißwasser und Ethanol führte zu 30% Extraktausbeute. Eine nachfolgende Behandlung mit 1%iger heißer NaOH führte zu einem Gesamtanteil löslicher Substanzen von über 50%. Zwischen älteren und jüngeren Bäumen wurden anhand der Extraktzusammensetzung und Ausbeute keine wesentlichen Unterschiede festgestellt mit Ausnahme der Stiasnyzahl, die in Extrakten aus alten Bäumen sehr viel höher lag als bei jungen Bäumen.

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The financial support from The Ministry of Education of Finland is gratefully acknowledged.

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Hafizoglu, H., Holmbom, B. Chemical composition of extractives from Abies nordmanniana . Holz als Roh-und Werkstoff 53, 273–275 (1995). https://doi.org/10.1007/s001070050088

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