Abstract
Design aids in the form of load tables or span tables are well known to engineers and are commonly used in timber and steel design. Such tables reduce the need for repetitive calculation and allow for easy ‘what-if’ queries during design. They also permit rapid communication of minimum design requirements. This paper demonstrates an approach for developing design load tables for full culm bamboo elements for compression and flexure. The design tables are based on the provisions of ISO 22156:2021 and are most easily developed based upon an established grading procedure as described by ISO 19624:2018. Prior to the synthesis of these two standards, generation of such load tables for bamboo was not practical. The development of archetypal column axial load tables and beam flexural span load tables is demonstrated. Examples of their use are illustrated demonstrating how alternate designs are easily established and compared. Such load tables are most appropriate for bespoke in-house design aides or as “national annexes” appended to ISO 22156:2021 upon its adoption by a jurisdiction.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Akinbade Y, Harries KA (2021) Is the rule of mixture appropriate for assessing bamboo material properties? Constr Build Mater. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2020.120955
Akinbade Y, Harries KA, Flower C, Nettleship I, Papadopoulos C, Platt SP (2019) Through-culm wall mechanical behaviour of bamboo. Constr Build Mater 216:485–495. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2019.04.214
AWS (2018) National Design Specification (NDS) for wood construction. American Wood Council
Bahtiar ET, Malkowska D, Trujillo D, Nugroho N (2021) Experimental study on buckling resistance of Guadua angustifolia bamboo column. Eng Struct 228:111548. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2020.111548
Chung KF, Yu WK (2002) Mechanical properties of structural bamboo for bamboo scaffoldings. Eng Struct 24:429–442. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0141-0296(01)00110-9
Correal JF (2020) Chapter 19: bamboo design and construction. In: Harries KA, Sharma B (eds) Nonconventional and vernacular construction materials. Elsevier, pp 521–557. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-08-102704-2.00019-6
Corrreal JF, Echeverry JS (2016) Present and future of design and building code specifications for bamboo structures. In: Bamboo in the urban environment symposium, Pittsburgh, May 2016. https://connect.engr.pitt.edu/p9gahwznmfv/. Accessed 25 June 2021
Gauss C, Savastano H, Harries KA (2019) Use of ISO 22157 mechanical test methods and the characterisation of Brazilian P. edulis bamboo. Constr Build Mater. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2019.116728
Gottron JH, Harries K, Xu Q (2014) Creep Behaviour of Bamboo. Constr Build Mater 66:79–88. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2014.05.024
Gutierrez Gonzalez M (2020) Fire analysis of load-bearing bamboo structures. PhD Thesis, School of Civil Engineering, The University of Queensland. https://doi.org/10.14264/5974aa1
Harries KA, Bumstead J, Richard MJ, Trujillo D (2017) Geometric and material effects on bamboo buckling behaviour. ICE Struct Build 170(4):236–249. https://doi.org/10.1680/jstbu.16.00018
ICC (2020) 2018 International Building Code, 4th printing (2020) International Code Council. https://codes.iccsafe.org/content/IBC2018P4. Accessed 23 Feb 21
ISO 19624:2018 (2018) Bamboo structures—grading of bamboo culms. International Organisation of Standards
ISO 22156:2021 (2021) Bamboo structures—bamboo culms—structural design. International Organisation of Standards
ISO 22157:2019 (2019) Bamboo structures—determination of physical and mechanical properties of bamboo culms—test methods. International Organisation of Standards
Liu P, Qin Y, Zhou Q, Xiang P, Zhou X, Shan Y (2022) Experimental investigation on the physical and mechanical properties of P. edulis bamboo and their correlations. Eur J Wood Prod. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00107-021-01773-4
Lorenzo R, Mimendi L, Li H, Yang D (2020) Bimodulus bending model for bamboo poles. Constr Build Mater. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2020.120876
Nugroho N, Bahtiar ET (2013) Bamboo taper effect on third point loading bending test. Int J Eng Technol 5(3):2379–2384
Richard MJ, Harries KA (2012) Experimental buckling capacity of multi-culm bamboo columns. Key Eng Mater 517:51–62. https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/KEM.517.51
Richard MJ, Harries KA (2015) on inherent bending in tension tests of bamboo. Wood Sci Technol 49(1):99–119. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00226-014-0681-9
Richard M, Gottron J, Harries KA, Ghavami K (2017) Experimental evaluation of longitudinal splitting of bamboo flexural components. ICE Struct Build 170(4):265–274. https://doi.org/10.1680/jstbu.16.00072
Richard M (2013) Assessing the performance of bamboo structural components. PhD Dissertation, University of Pittsburgh, p 288
Timoshenko SP (1921) On the correction factor for shear of the differential equation for transverse vibrations of bars of uniform cross-section. Philos Mag 41:744–746
Ylinen A (1956) A method of determining the buckling stress and the required cross sectional area for centrally loaded straight columns in elastic and inelastic range. Publ Int Assoc Bridge Struct Eng 16:529–550
Zahn JJ (1992) Re-examination of Ylinen and other column equations. ASCE J Struct Eng 118(10):2716–2728
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of interest
On behalf of all authors, the corresponding author states that there is no conflict of interest.
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Harries, K.A., Trujillo, D., Kaminski, S. et al. Development of load tables for design of full-culm bamboo. Eur. J. Wood Prod. 80, 621–634 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00107-022-01798-3
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00107-022-01798-3