Abstract
In this study, three different shapes and glue coverage rates of joints were evaluated nondestructively using longitudinal and flexural vibration-based methods. Rectangular specimens of 20 × 40 × 360 mm³ (R × T × L) dimensions were prepared from clear eastern beech (Fagus orientalis; Lipsky) wood. Joints were located at the middle of the beams. The selected joint shapes were 45° scarf joint, 30° scarf joint and finger joint with 10 mm length and 3 mm pitch. Longitudinal vibration test proved a better assessment for gluing than flexural efficiency. Some weaker jointed timbers could demonstrate identical Young’s moduli by both longitudinal and flexural vibration-based methods. In the presence of any significant difference between Young’s moduli evaluated by two methods, it was realized that the joints were weak and required to be rejected or assigned to re-manufacturing. The R2 of Timoshenko’s linear model significantly decreased when there was any un-integrity in the joints. This factor was suggested to be used as a potential subsidiary indicator. The vibration-based methods were recommended to be applied for joint assessment of old jointed timbers and for grading newly constructed jointed lumbers.
Zusammenfassung
In dieser Studie wurden drei verschiedene Verbindungsarten mit unterschiedlicher Klebstoffbedeckung mittels Längs- und Biegeschwingungsverfahren zerstörungsfrei untersucht. Rechteckige Prüfkörper mit den Abmessungen 20 × 40 × 360 mm³ wurden aus astfreiem Orientbuchenholz (Fagus orientalis; Lipsky) hergestellt. Die Verbindungen befanden sich in der Mitte der Prüfkörper. Untersucht wurden eine 45° Schäftverbindung, eine 30° Schäftverbindung und eine Kielzinkenverbindung mit 10 mm langen und 3 mm breiten Zinken. Längsschwingungsversuche erwiesen sich für die Beurteilung der Verklebung besser geeignet als Biegeschwingungsversuche. Nicht vollständig verklebte Verbindungen ergaben bei den Längs- und Biegeschwingungsversuchen teilweise den gleichen Elastizitätsmodul. Ergaben sich bei den zwei Verfahren signifikant unterschiedliche Elastizitätsmoduln, war dies ein Nachweis für eine schwache Verbindung, die ausgesondert oder ausgebessert werden musste. Der Determinationskoeffizient R² des linearen Timoshenko-Balkenmodells nahm bei einer fehlerhaften Verbindung signifikant ab. Es wird vorgeschlagen, den Faktor als einen potentiellen Hilfsindikator zu verwenden. Es wird empfohlen, die Schwingungsmessungen zur Beurteilung bestehender keilgezinkter und zur Sortierung neuer Holzverbindungen einzusetzen.
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Acknowledgments
We respectfully appreciate the Islamic Azad University, Karaj Branch for providing the experimental facilities. Our special thanks are dedicated to Navid Manoochehri from http://www.ndtiranian.ir scientific based group for his assistance in the MATLAB® programming. Finally, we are highly grateful to Dr. Natasha Qale Pourdana, the CamTESOL international editor, for her attempts in proofreading the initial drafts of this article.
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Roohnia, M., Kohantorabi, M., Jahan-Latibari, A. et al. Nondestructive assessment of glued joints in timber applying vibration-based methods. Eur. J. Wood Prod. 70, 791–799 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00107-012-0616-9
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00107-012-0616-9