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The effects of boron compounds synergists with ammonium polyphosphate on mechanical properties and burning rates of wood-HDPE polymer composites

Einfluss von Borverbindungen als Zusatz zu Ammoniumpolyphosphat auf die mechanischen Eigenschaften und die Abbrandgeschwindigkeit von Holz-HDPE-Polymer-Verbundwerkstoffen

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Abstract

The effects of boron compounds (BCs) utilization as synergists with ammonium polyphosphate (APP) on the mechanical and burning rate properties of wood polymer composites (WPCs) manufactured from wood flour, high density polyethylene, maleic anhydride-grafted polyethylene and flame retardants (FRs) at various ratios (APP, boric acid (BA), borax (BX) and BA/BX mixtures) by an extrusion method were tested. The results showed that all the additions to FRs reduced mechanical properties of WPCs except for impact strength, but the reduction was lower for samples which include BCs in FRs formulation. BCs act as synergists. Burning rate of all FRs added WPCs were similar. This study indicated that the use of BCs as synergists with APP will provide a relatively inexpensive, environmentally friendly and halogen-free FRs alternative to the industry. The experimental findings may be used to increase the use of BCs in FRs polymers and WPCs manufacturing.

Zusammenfassung

Der Einfluss von Bor-Verbindungen (BCs) als Zusatz zu Ammoniumpolyphosphat (APP) auf die mechanischen Eigenschaften und die Abbrandgeschwindigkeit von extrudierten Holz-Polymer-Verbundwerkstoffen (WPCs) aus Holzmehl, hochdichtem Polyethylen, mit Maleinsäureanhydrid und Flammschutzmitteln (FRs) mit verschiedenen Anteilen an APP, Borsäure (BA), Borax (BX) und Borsäure/Borax-Mischungen wurde untersucht. Die Ergebnisse zeigten, dass das Hinzufügen von Flammschutzmitteln (FRs), unabhängig von den jeweiligen Zusätzen die mechanischen Eigenschaften der WPCs, mit Ausnahme der Biegeschlagfestigkeit, reduzierte. Jedoch war die Reduzierung bei Proben mit BCs in den FRs Formulierungen geringfügiger. BCs wirken als Synergisten. Die Abbrandgeschwindigkeit aller WPCs mit FRs Zusätzen war ähnlich. Die Ergebnisse dieser Studie weisen darauf hin, dass der Zusatz von BCs als Synergisten zu APP relativ kostengünstige, umweltfreundliche und halogenfreie FRs Flammschutzmittel für die Industrie ermöglicht. Die experimentellen Ergebnisse können genutzt werden, um BCs vermehrt in FRs Polymeren und bei der Herstellung von WPCs einzusetzen.

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Acknowledgements

This research is supported by National Boron Institute under project number 2006-38-Ç-37-22. Contributions by Dr. M.H. Alma, Dr. N.S. Cetin, Dr. A. Tutus, Dr. A. Karademir and Mr. K. Karakus are appreciated. MAPE and APP were donated by Clariant, Turkey.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Faculty of Forestry, KSU, 46060, Kahramanmaras, Turkey

    R. Kurt & F. Mengeloglu

  2. Vocational College of Adiyaman, Adiyaman University, 02040, Adiyaman, Turkey

    H. Meric

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  1. R. Kurt
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  2. F. Mengeloglu
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  3. H. Meric
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Correspondence to R. Kurt.

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Kurt, R., Mengeloglu, F. & Meric, H. The effects of boron compounds synergists with ammonium polyphosphate on mechanical properties and burning rates of wood-HDPE polymer composites. Eur. J. Wood Prod. 70, 177–182 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00107-011-0534-2

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