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Grundlagen und Praxis der Anwendung von Nasentamponaden in der endonasalen Chirurgie

Fundamentals and practice of the application of nasal packing in sinonasal surgery

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Zusammenfassung

Hintergrund und Ziel der Arbeit

In dieser Arbeit soll ein Überblick über die aktuell in Deutschland verfügbaren Nasentamponaden gegeben und die aktuelle Literatur dahingehend analysiert werden, ob sich Kriterien für die Anwendung von Nasentamponaden nach endonasaler Chirurgie ableiten lassen und ob einzelne Produkte oder Produktgruppen grundsätzliche und nachprüfbare Vorteile gegenüber anderen besitzen und welche Schlussfolgerungen sich hieraus für die praktische Anwendung ergeben.

Material und Methoden

Hierzu erfolgte eine selektive Literaturrecherche in der Datenbank PubMed mit den Stichworten „nasal packing“, „nasal tamponade“, „nasal surgery“, „sinonasal surgery“ oder „sinus surgery“, in themenbezogenen Textbüchern bzw. in hieraus sich ergebender Sekundärliteratur

Ergebnisse und Schlussfolgerung

Insgesamt gibt es aufgrund systematischer methodischer Defizite keine ausreichende Hilfestellung in der Literatur, welche Nasentamponaden bei welcher Art der endonasalen Chirurgie wie zu verwenden sind. Innerhalb der vielen klinischen Szenarien ist für den Patienten eine individuelle Lösung zu definieren. Grundsätzlich sollte die Anwendung von Nasentamponaden dazu führen, dass ggf. eine ausreichende Blutstillung erfolgt, die Wundheilung begünstigt wird und keine sekundäre Morbidität entsteht. Die Anwendung glatter Materialien zur Nasentamponade mit Formkörpertamponaden, die Vermeidung eines übermäßigen Drucks auf die Schleimhaut, der Einsatz inerter Materialien bei Verwendung sich auflösender Materialien sowie die Vermeidung obsoleter Materialien sind geboten. Die Verwendung nichtauflösender Nasentamponaden birgt das Risiko der potenziell tödlichen Aspiration und Ingestion sowie eines fortlaufenden Blutverlusts und obstruktiver Atmungsstörungen in sich, sodass aus Sicherheitsgründen während der Liegedauer eine stationäre Überwachung lege artis ist. Andere unkritische Tamponaden und ggf. fehlende sonstige Risikofaktoren können nach individueller Beurteilung des behandelnden Arztes unter Umständen eine ambulante Betreuung rechtfertigen.

Abstract

Background and objectives

This paper presents an overview on nasal packing materials which are available in Germany. The current literature is analyzed whether there are robust criteria regarding use nasal packing after sinonasal surgery, whether there are fundamental and proven advantages or disadvantages of products, and what this means in clinical practice.

Materials and methods

Selective literature analysis using the PubMed database (key words “nasal packing”, “nasal tamponade”, “nasal surgery”, “sinonasal surgery”, or “sinus surgery”), corresponding text books and resulting secondary literature.

Results and conclusions

Because of systematic methodological shortcomings, the literature does not help in the decision-making about which nasal packing should be used after which kind of sinonasal surgery. In fact, individual approaches for the many different clinical scenarios are recommended. In principle, nasal packing aims in hemostasis, should promote wound healing, and should not result in secondary morbidity. Nasal packing materials should be smooth (non-absorbable materials), inert (absorbable materials), and should not exert excessive pressure. Using non-absorbable packing entails the risk of potentially lethal aspiration and ingestion. For safety reasons inpatient control is recommended as long as this packing is in situ. With other, uncritical packing materials and in patients with special conditions, outpatient control could be justified.

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Correspondence to Rainer K. Weber.

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R.K. Weber hat Honorare für Vorträge, Beratungstätigkeit und Produktdesign der Firmen GSK, Hommel Pharma, Infectopharm, KARL STORZ SE & Co. KG, NMP, Sanofi, Sidroga-Pharma, Spiggle&Theis und Stryker erhalten. M. Laudien: Vortragshonorare, Kooperationen, advisory boards: Olympus Deutschland GmbH, Olympus Europa SE & CO. KG, Novartis Pharma GmbH, Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland GmbH, Brainlab Sales GmbH, GlaxoSmithKline GmbH & Co. KG, John Grube Foundation, AEDA, Medtronic. I. Baumann: Vortragstätigkeit für Pari GmbH, GSK und Sanofi.

F. Sommer, W. Heppt, W. Hosemann, T. Kühnel, A.G. Beule, T.K. Hoffmann, A.S. Hoffmann, T. Deitmer, J. Löhler und T. Hildenbrand geben an, dass kein Interessenkonflikt besteht.

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Weber, R.K., Sommer, F., Heppt, W. et al. Grundlagen und Praxis der Anwendung von Nasentamponaden in der endonasalen Chirurgie. HNO 72, 3–15 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00106-023-01369-9

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