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Daten vom ASCO-Kongress 2022 zum Thema „chirurgische Therapie“

Data from the 2022 ASCO Annual Meeting on surgical therapy

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Zusammenfassung

Im letzten Jahr standen im Bereich „head and neck“ auf den beiden großen internationalen Krebskongressen der American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) und der European Society for Medical Oncology (ESMO) v. a. Studien zu immunonkologischen Therapieansätzen bei rezidivierten oder metastasierten Kopf-Hals-Karzinomen im Fokus des Interesses. Die Erfolge dieser Therapiestrategien führte zu einer Vielzahl neuer Studien, u. a. mit Einsatz dieser Medikamente im neoadjuvanten Setting. Der vorliegende Übersichtsartikel fasst vorgestellte Abstracts des ASCO-Kongresses 2022 zusammen, bei denen die chirurgische Therapie im Zentrum des Studienprotokolls steht, und beinhaltet auch Studienergebnisse zu neoadjuvanten Therapiestrategien. Auf dem ESMO-Kongress 2022 wurde keine chirurgischen Studien vorgestellt. Sowohl beim ASCO-Kongress 2022 als auch in den Vorjahren kristallisierte sich immer mehr heraus, dass eine Therapie-Deeskalation bei der Behandlung von mit humanen Papillomaviren (HPV) assoziierten Oropharynxkarzinomen unter Einbeziehung chirurgischer Maßnahmen onkologisch sicher und funktionell vorteilhaft zu sein scheint. Daneben zeigen eine Reihe von Studien auf, dass im Rahmen der neoadjuvanten Gabe immunonkologischer Substanzen ein Teil der Patienten eine pathologische Komplettremission aufweist. Bei dieser meist deutlich weniger als 50 % umfassenden Fraktion der Patienten sind die Überlebensdaten besser als bei denjenigen, die bereits in der Neoadjuvanz nicht angesprochen haben. Es zeigten sich aber auch unter diesen aktuellen Therapieschemata signifikante Toxizitäten oder Tumorprogresse mit dem Risiko der Inoperabilität, die zu einem Abbruch der Therapie in 5–20 % der Fälle führten. Es bleibt abzuwarten, ob sich die Neoadjuvanz mit Immuncheckpointinhibitoren im Gegensatz zu den gescheiterten Bestrebungen der Vergangenheit mit dem Einsatz von Zytostatika etablieren kann.

Abstract

Last year, studies on immuno-oncologic treatment approaches for recurrent or metastatic head and neck cancer were the main focus at the two major international cancer congresses of the American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) and the European Society for Medical Oncology (ESMO). The success of these therapeutic strategies has led to many new studies, including their use in the neoadjuvant setting. This review article summarizes presented studies from ASCO 2022 in which surgical therapy is the focus of the study protocol and also includes study results on neoadjuvant treatment strategies. No surgical trials were presented at ESMO 2022. At ASCO 2022 as well as in previous years, it became increasingly clear that treatment de-escalation in the context of human papillomavirus (HPV)-associated oropharyngeal carcinoma treatment involving surgical measures appears to be oncologically safe and functionally beneficial. In addition, a number of studies indicate that in the setting of neoadjuvant administration of immuno-oncologic agents, a proportion of patients have pathologic complete remission. In this fraction of patients, which is usually significantly smaller than 50%, survival data are better than in those who have already failed to respond to neoadjuvant therapy. Unfortunately, however, significant toxicities or tumor progression with the risk of inoperability were also seen under these current therapeutic regimens, leading to discontinuation of therapy in 5–20% of cases. It remains to be seen whether neoadjuvancy with immune checkpoint inhibitors can establish itself, in contrast to the failed attempts of the past with the use of cytostatics.

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Correspondence to Miguel Goncalves MHBA.

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M. Goncalves, T.A. Duong Dinh und S. Hackenberg geben an, dass kein Interessenkonflikt besteht.

Für diesen Beitrag wurden von den Autor/-innen keine Studien an Menschen oder Tieren durchgeführt. Für die aufgeführten Studien gelten die jeweils dort angegebenen ethischen Richtlinien.

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Goncalves, M., Duong Dinh, T.A. & Hackenberg, S. Daten vom ASCO-Kongress 2022 zum Thema „chirurgische Therapie“. HNO 71, 431–439 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00106-023-01311-z

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00106-023-01311-z

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