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Spezielle Tumorentitäten im Kopf-Hals-Bereich

Nasopharynxkarzinom, Speicheldrüsenkarzinom und Schilddrüsenkarzinom

Special tumor entities in the head and neck region

Nasopharyngeal carcinoma, salivary gland, and thyroid cancer

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Zusammenfassung

Hintergrund

In den letzten Jahren zeigt sich auch bei den speziellen Tumorentitäten im Kopf-Hals-Bereich eine zunehmende Studiendynamik. Bei den onkologischen Tagungen der American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) und European Society for Medical Oncology (ESMO) 2021 wurden einige Studien vorgestellt, welche Änderungen im klinischen Alltag von Nasopharynxkarzinom, Speicheldrüsenkarzinom und Schilddrüsenkarzinom erwarten lassen.

Ziel der Arbeit

Zukünftige Therapieneuerungen spezieller HNO-Tumorentitäten wurden nach Sichtung der auf den Tagungen ASCO 2021 und ESMO 2021 präsentierten klinischen Studien abgeschätzt.

Material und Methoden

Es erfolgte eine systematische Analyse der präsentierten klinischen Phase-II- und -III-Studien zur Behandlung von Nasopharynx‑, Speicheldrüsen- und Schilddrüsenkarzinomen. Unter Berücksichtigung der aktuellen Therapiestandards wurden die Ergebnisse bezüglich ihrer potenziell klinischen Bedeutung eingeordnet.

Ergebnisse und Diskussion

In der kurativen Therapie von fortgeschrittenen Nasopharynxkarzinomen ist eine adjuvante Therapie mit Capecitabin nach primärer Radiochemotherapie als neuer Standard zu diskutieren. In der palliativen Therapie von Nasopharynxkarzinomen ist eine zunehmende Rolle von Immuntherapien zu prognostizieren. Rezidivierte/metastasierte Speicheldrüsenkarzinome werden bei Vorliegen molekularer angreifbarer Zielläsionen mit zielgerichteten Substanzen teilweise sehr effektiv behandelt. Immuntherapien spielen aktuell eine untergeordnete Rolle, scheinen sie nur bei wenigen Patienten mit Speicheldrüsenkarzinomen effektiv zu sein, die sich aktuell durch prädiktive Marker nicht verlässlich identifizieren lassen. Patienten mit radioiodrefraktären differenzierten Schilddrüsenkarzinom profitieren nach Versagen einer VEGFR-TKI-Therapie („vascular endothelial growth factor receptor“, Tyrosinkinaseinhibitor) von einer Therapie mit dem Multi-TKI Cabozantinib.

Abstract

Background

In recent years the number of studies on special tumor entities in the head and neck region has increased. During the 2021 meetings of the American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASMO) and the European Society for Medical Oncology (ESMO), several studies were presented which predict changes in clinical treatment algorithms for nasopharyngeal carcinoma, salivary gland, and thyroid cancer.

Objective

Future treatment alterations in specific head and neck tumor entities were evaluated after screening clinical studies presented at the 2021 ASCO and ESMO meetings.

Materials and methods

A systematic analysis of the phase II and III clinical trials for nasopharyngeal carcinoma, salivary gland, and thyroid cancer treatment presented at ASCO and ESMO 2021 was performed. Taking into account current treatment standards, the results are structured in terms of their potential clinical significance.

Results and conclusion

In curative treatment of advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma, adjuvant therapy with capecitabine after primary chemoradiation should be discussed as a new standard. In the palliative treatment of nasopharyngeal carcinoma, an increasing role of immunotherapy can be predicted. Recurrent or metastatic salivary gland cancer can often be treated very effectively with targeted substances if molecular target lesions are present. Immunotherapies currently play a subordinate role; they only seem to be effective in a few patients with salivary gland cancer, who cannot currently be reliably identified using predictive markers. Patients with radioiodine-refractory differentiated thyroid cancer benefit from treatment with the multi-tyrosine kinase inhibitor cabozantinib after failure of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor–tyrosine kinase inhibitor (VEGFR-TKI) therapy.

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Correspondence to Henrike B. Zech.

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H.B. Zech und C.S. Betz geben an, dass kein Interessenkonflikt besteht.

Für diesen Beitrag wurden von den Autoren keine Studien an Menschen oder Tieren durchgeführt. Für die aufgeführten Studien gelten die jeweils dort angegebenen ethischen Richtlinien.

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Zech, H.B., Betz, C.S. Spezielle Tumorentitäten im Kopf-Hals-Bereich. HNO 70, 278–286 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00106-022-01157-x

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