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Künstliche Intelligenz in der Medizin – Holzweg oder Heilversprechen?

Artificial intelligence in medicine—the wrong track or promise of cure?

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Zusammenfassung

Künstliche Intelligenz (KI) hat in den letzten Jahren eine neue Reifephase erreicht und entwickelt sich zum Treiber der Digitalisierung in allen Lebensbereichen. Die KI ist eine Querschnittstechnologie, die für alle Bereiche der Medizin mit Bilddaten, Textdaten und Biodaten von großer Bedeutung ist. Es gibt keinen medizinischen Bereich, der nicht von KI beeinflusst werden wird. Dabei spielt die klinische Entscheidungsunterstützung eine wichtige Rolle. Gerade beim medizinischen Workflow-Management und bei der Vorhersage des Behandlungserfolgs bzw. Behandlungsergebnisses etablieren sich KI‑Methoden. In der Bilddiagnose und im Patientenmanagement können KI‑Systeme bereits unterstützen, aber sie können keine kritischen Entscheidungen vorschlagen. Die jeweiligen Präventions- oder Therapiemaßnahmen können mit KI‑Unterstützung sinnvoller bewertet werden, allerdings ist die Abdeckung der Krankheiten noch viel zu gering, um robuste Systeme für den klinischen Alltag zu erstellen. Der flächendeckende Einsatz setzt Fortbildungsmaßnahmen für Ärzte voraus, um die Entscheidung treffen zu können, wann auf automatische Entscheidungsunterstützung vertraut werden kann.

Abstract

Artificial intelligence (AI) has attained a new level of maturity in recent years and is developing into the driver of digitalization in all areas of life. AI is a cross-sectional technology with great importance for all branches of medicine employing imaging as well as text and biodata. There is no field of medicine that remains unaffected by AI, with AI-assisted clinical decision-making assuming a particularly important role. AI methods are becoming established in medial workflow management and for prediction of therapeutic success or treatment outcome. AI systems are already able to lend support to imaging-based diagnosis and patient management, but cannot suggest critical decisions. The corresponding preventive or therapeutic measures can be more rationally assessed with the help of AI, although the number of diseases covered is currently far too low for the creation of robust systems for clinical routine. Prerequisite for the comprehensive use of AI systems is appropriate training to enable physicians to decide when computer-assisted decision-making can be relied upon.

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Notes

  1. https://fb-ki.gi.de

  2. https://www.ki-strategie-deutschland.de/home.html

  3. http://iml.dfki.de

  4. https://www.bmbf.de/de/deutsches-konsortium-fuer-translationale-krebsforschung-395.html

  5. http://medicalcps.dfki.de/www/wp-content/uploads/BIRADS-30-seconds.mp4

  6. http://medicalcps.dfki.de/www/wp-content/uploads/KDI_V2_Pro_v04_2.mp4

  7. http://www.gesundheitsforschung-bmbf.de/_media/Medizininformatik_englisch_barrierefrei.pdf

  8. http://www.transformproject.eu/

  9. Es gibt aber auch Ansätze, die Diagnostik vorwiegend auf das Finden ähnlicher Patientenfälle zu beschränken [4].

  10. International Skin Imaging Collaboration, https://isic-archive.com/ Letzter Download am 5. Februar 2019. Dank an Fabrizio Nunnari.

  11. https://camelyon17.grand-challenge.org

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  1. Deutsches Forschungszentrum für Künstliche Intelligenz (DFKI), Stuhlsatzenhausweg 3, 66123, Saarbrücken, Deutschland

    Daniel Sonntag

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Sonntag, D. Künstliche Intelligenz in der Medizin – Holzweg oder Heilversprechen?. HNO 67, 343–349 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00106-019-0665-z

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