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Neurofeedback in der Behandlung des chronischen Tinnitus

Überblick und Ausblick

Neurofeedback for the treatment of chronic tinnitus

Review and future perspectives

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Zusammenfassung

Neurofeedback ist ein Therapieverfahren unter Einsatz der Elektroenzephalographie (EEG), dessen Ziel es ist, eine Selbstkontrolle der eigenen Gehirnaktivität zu erlangen bzw. die eigene Gehirnaktivität gezielt zu beeinflussen. Diese Technik ist nachgewiesenermaßen geeignet, bestimmte Beschwerden wie Aufmerksamkeitsprobleme, Hyperaktivität, Depression oder Migräne zu verbessern. Auch zur Behandlung von Tinnitus ist dieses Verfahren in den letzten Jahren wiederholt in Studien mit dem Erfolg einer Besserung der Tinnitussymptomatik eingesetzt worden, hat sich allerdings nicht als routinemäßig verwendetes Therapieverfahren durchgesetzt. Diese Übersicht beschreibt die Rationale des Einsatzes von Neurofeedback bei Tinnitus und die bisher vorliegende Datenlage gemäß den publizierten Studien. Hierbei wird auch die alternative Methode des Neurofeedbacks, vermittelt durch Echtzeitmessungen in der funktionellen Magnetresonanztomographie („real time fMRT“), berücksichtigt. Zukünftige Möglichkeiten werden aufgezeigt, wie – orientierend an den zunehmenden Erkenntnissen über die Pathophysiologie des Tinnitus und an den verfeinerten EEG-Analysetechniken (Quellenschätzung, Konnektivität) – neuartige Neurofeedbackprotokolle zu einer nachhaltigeren Kontrolle von Tinnitusbeschwerden beitragen könnten.

Abstract

Neurofeedback is a noninvasive neuromodulation technique employing real-time display of brain activity in terms of electroencephalography (EEG) signals to teach self-regulation of distinct patterns of brain activity or influence brain activity in a targeted manner. The benefit of this approach for control of symptoms in attention deficit disorders, hyperactivity, depression, and migraine has been proven. Studies in recent years have also repeatedly shown this treatment to improve tinnitus symptoms, although it has not become established as routine therapy. The primary focus of this review is the rational of EEG neurofeedback for tinnitus treatment and the currently available data from published studies. Furthermore, alternative neurofeedback protocols using real-time functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) measurements for tinnitus control are considered. Finally, this article highlights how modern EEG analysis (source localization, connectivity) and the improving understanding of tinnitus pathology can contribute to development of more focused neurofeedback protocols for more sustainable control of tinnitus.

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Danksagung

Die Autoren danken Herrn Dr. med. David Bächinger herzlich für die Erstellung der zweiten Abbildung.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Klinik für Ohren‑, Nasen‑, Hals- und Gesichtschirurgie, UniversitätsSpital Zürich, Frauenklinikstraße 24, 8091, Zürich, Schweiz

    T. Kleinjung & C. Thüring

  2. Psychologisches Institut, Universität Zürich, Zürich, Schweiz

    D. Güntensperger, P. Neff & M. Meyer

Authors
  1. T. Kleinjung
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  2. C. Thüring
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  3. D. Güntensperger
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  4. P. Neff
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  5. M. Meyer
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to T. Kleinjung.

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Interessenkonflikt

T. Kleinjung, C. Thüring, D. Güntensperger, P. Neff und M. Meyer geben an, dass kein Interessenkonflikt besteht.

Dieser Beitrag beinhaltet keine von den Autoren durchgeführten Studien an Menschen oder Tieren.

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Kleinjung, T., Thüring, C., Güntensperger, D. et al. Neurofeedback in der Behandlung des chronischen Tinnitus. HNO 66, 198–204 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00106-017-0432-y

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