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Stimmstörungen im Kindesalter

Voice disorders in childhood

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Zusammenfassung

Stimmstörungen im Kindesalter treten verhältnismäßig häufig auf. Intensive Aufklärung von Familie, Erziehern und Ärzten über Ursachen und Behandlungsmöglichkeiten kindlicher Stimmstörungen haben zu einer Sensibilisierung gegenüber dem Thema kindlicher Heiserkeit und zu einer besseren Früherkennung von Stimmerkrankungen im Kindesalter geführt. Kindliche Heiserkeit wird häufig durch Phonationsverdickungen infolge funktioneller Dysphonien verursacht. Weitere Ursachen können angeborene Kehlkopfdysplasien, Stimmlippenzysten und Larynxpapillomatosen sein. Im Fall kindlicher Heiserkeit ist eine fachärztliche Abklärung notwendig, um entsprechende Therapieschritte einleiten zu können. Bei Stimmlippenzysten und Larynxpapillomatosen sind phonochirurgische Interventionen indiziert. Phonationsverdickungen sollten zunächst konservativ logopädisch und bei Therapieresistenz auch phonochirurgisch behandelt werden, da sie nicht selten die Stimmqualität bis ins Erwachsenenalter beeinträchtigen können.

Abstract

Voice disorders in the pediatric population are relatively common. The education of families, teachers and clinical staff on etiology and treatment of pediatric voice disorders have led to greater attention being paid to hoarseness in childhood and improving early detection of pediatric voice disorders. Pediatric voice problems can have a number of causes. Most commonly, childhood dysphonia is caused by vocal fold nodules due vocal ab- and misuse. Other reasons might be congenital laryngeal dysplasia, vocal fold cysts and laryngeal papilloma. Medical examination is necessary in order to initiate appropriate treatment. In the case of vocal fold cysts and laryngeal papilloma, phonosurgery is indicated. Vocal fold nodules should be treated by voice therapy in order to change vocal behaviour. If voice therapy fails, phonosurgical intervention is recommended, since vocal fold nodules can persist into adulthood with a negative impact on voice quality.

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  1. Klinische Abteilung Phoniatrie-Logopädie, Univ.-HNO-Klinik, Medizinische Universität Wien, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090, Wien, Österreich

    B. Schneider-Stickler

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Schneider-Stickler, B. Stimmstörungen im Kindesalter. HNO 60, 590–594 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00106-011-2385-x

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