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Stimmgattung professioneller Sänger

Einfluss von Stimmlippenlänge, Vokaltraktdimensionen und Körpermaßen

Voice classification in professional singers

The influence of vocal fold length, vocal tract length and body measurements

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Zusammenfassung

Das Leistungsprofil professioneller Stimmen wird in der Regel durch eine intensive Ausbildung erreicht, welche zum Ziel hat, die funktionelle Kapazität der stimmlichen Möglichkeiten auszuschöpfen. Dieser optimierten Funktionalität sind durch die individuellen anatomischen Größenverhältnisse Grenzen gesetzt, deren ungenügende Beachtung zur Überlastung der Stimme führen kann. Die vorliegende Arbeit gibt einen Überblick zum Einfluss relevanter morphologischer Parameter auf die Stimmgattung professioneller Sänger. Die Länge der Stimmlippen, des Vokaltrakts und die Körpergröße sind verknüpft mit der subjektiven Zuordnung zu den Stimmgattungen Sopran, Mezzosopran, Alt, Tenor, Bariton und Bass. Obwohl die Kenntnis morphologischer Größenverhältnisse keinen eindeutigen Rückschluss auf die Stimmgattung erlaubt, sind diese Daten wertvoll für die phoniatrische und gesangspädagogische Betreuung und die Prävention von Stimmstörungen.

Abstract

Professional voice performance is strongly affected by the functional adjustments of the structures involved in voice production. Generally, these functional skills are required by means of intensive training. On the other hand, the individual morphology of the larynx and vocal tract limits this functional variability. Thus, to neglect morphological conditions might result in voice problems. The present paper summarizes investigations on the influence of morphological measurements on the voice classification of professional singers. Vocal fold length, vocal tract length and body height have been found to differ systematically between sopranos, mezzosopranos, altos, tenors, baritones and basses. Although the knowledge of morphological measures does not permit a definite assignment or prediction of the individual voice classification, the data are valuable for counseling by voice teachers and phoniatricians. This might contribute to the prevention of voice disorders.

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Mürbe, D., Roers, F. & Sundberg, J. Stimmgattung professioneller Sänger. HNO 59, 556–562 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00106-011-2304-1

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00106-011-2304-1

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