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Tumormarker und Prognosefaktoren bei Plattenepithelkarzinomen der Kopf-Hals-Region

Diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma

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Zusammenfassung

Mit den klassischen Prognosefaktoren für Kopf-Hals-Karzinome war eine Abschätzung des klinischen Verlaufs möglich, Unterschiede im individuellen Therapieansprechen oder im Verlauf stadiengleicher Tumoren blieben jedoch unscharf charakterisiert. Es mangelte an einer individuellen molekularen Signatur des einzelnen Tumors bzw. Patienten. Trotz zahlreicher Publikationen zu intensiv erforschten neuen Prognose-/Biomarkern orientieren sich die Therapieplanung und Prognoseabschätzung in den meisten Zentren mit wenigen Ausnahmen (z. B. HPV-Status bei Oropharynxkarzinomen) nur an den klassischen Parametern wie Tumorstadium und histologischem Differenzierungsgrad. Die Zukunft wird aber voraussichtlich nicht in Einzelmarkern, sondern in einem Markerprofil liegen, wie es die Microarray-Technologie ermöglicht. In dieser Arbeit werden die Kriterien für einen erfolgreichen Biomarkerkandidaten vermittelt und eine Übersicht über die wichtigsten neuen Biomarker gegeben. Zudem wird das Prinzip genomischer und proteomischer Biomarkerchips vorgestellt.

Abstract

Classical prognostic factors for squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (HNSCC) are based on general parameters such as tumor stage or histological grading and only allow for a rough estimation of the clinical course. However, predicting individual responses to treatment remains challenging and diverging clinical courses of same-stage HNSCC stage remain obscure. The need for a better understanding of the individual genomic or proteomic signature of HNSCC resulted in a great number of publications on novel biomarkers. Still, in most cancer centres therapy planning and risk appraisal are solely based on the classical factors with only a few exceptions such as HPV status in oropharyngeal carcinoma. Future improvements in biomarker research will probably be achieved with sets of various genomic and proteomic markers as provided by microarray technology. This review highlights the criteria for a successful biomarker candidate, gives an overview on the most important new biomarkers, and introduces the principles of genomic and proteomic biomarker chips.

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Danksagung

Wir bedanken uns bei Herrn PD Dr. Ludger Klein-Hitpass, Zentrum für Medizinische Biotechnologie, sowie bei Frau Prof. Dr. Agnes Bankfalvi, Institut für Pathologie und Neuropathologie, Universität Duisburg-Essen, für die Überlassung der Genchip- bzw. der P16-Immunhistochemie-Abbildung.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Universitäts-Hals-Nasen-Ohren-Klinik, Universitätsklinikum Essen, Hufelandstraße 55, 45122, Essen, Deutschland

    G. Lehnerdt, T.K. Hoffmann, S. Mattheis, S. Brandau & S. Lang

  2. Universitäts-Hals-Nasen-Ohren-Klinik, Klinikum der Universität München, München, Deutschland

    R. Zeidler

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  1. G. Lehnerdt
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  2. T.K. Hoffmann
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  3. S. Mattheis
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  4. S. Brandau
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  5. R. Zeidler
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  6. S. Lang
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Correspondence to G. Lehnerdt.

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Lehnerdt, G., Hoffmann, T., Mattheis, S. et al. Tumormarker und Prognosefaktoren bei Plattenepithelkarzinomen der Kopf-Hals-Region. HNO 58, 713–725 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00106-010-2108-8

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00106-010-2108-8

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