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Otolithenfunktionsstörungen

Klinik und Therapieoptionen

Function disorders of otoliths

Clinical aspects and therapy options

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Zusammenfassung

Im klinischen Alltag wird häufig die Diagnostik des lateralen Bogengangs mit einer vollständigen peripher-vestibulären Funktionsprüfung gleichgesetzt, weil Erkrankungen der Otolithenorgane mit Sakkulus und Utrikulus mit konventionellen klinischen Untersuchungsmethoden nicht erfasst werden. Orientierende Untersuchungen zeigen bei über der Hälfte der Patienten mit einer thermischen Untererregbarkeit eine gleichzeitige Pathologie der Utrikulusfunktion. Für den Sakkulus ist eine Beteiligung bei der Neuropathia vestibularis, dem M. Menière, der bilateralen Vestibulopathie und dem Akustikusneurinom beschrieben. Auch beim posttraumatischen Schwindel sind beide Otolithenorgane einbezogen, eine Erkenntnis, welche in Zukunft die gutachterliche Beurteilung beeinflussen wird. Erst durch die genaue Diagnostik bei Erkrankungen der Otolithenorgane lassen sich individuelle Krankheitsverläufe differenzialdiagnostisch sicher gegeneinander abgrenzen.

Abstract

In the clinical routine, the diagnostic of the lateral gait is often comparable with a complete peripheral vestibular function examination. Diseases of the otolithic organs, with the saccule and utricle are not identified with conventional clinical examination methods. In more than 50% of patients with thermal hypostimulation, orientation tests show a simultaneous pathology of the utricle function. Participation of the saccule has been described for vestibular neuropathy, Menière’s disease, bilateral vestibulopathy and acoustic neurinoma. Both otolithic organs are included in posttraumatic vertigo, a recognition, which will influence expert opinions in the future. Only by an exact diagnostic of diseases of the otolithic organs can individual disease courses be differential diagnostically separated from each other.

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Helling, K. Otolithenfunktionsstörungen. HNO 56, 996–1002 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00106-008-1806-y

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