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Adjuvanzien in der operativen Laryngologie

Kortikosteroide, Fibrinkleber, Mitomycin C

Adjuvants in operative laryngology

Corticosteroids, fibrin adhesives, Mitomycin C

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Zusammenfassung

In der operativen Laryngologie werden häufig medikamentöse Adjuvanzien eingesetzt, deren Stellenwert jedoch sehr unterschiedlich beurteilt wird. Die wissenschaftliche Datenlage ist für die meisten dieser Substanzen unbefriedigend. Bei Kortikosteroiden ist gesichert, dass sie Stridor nach Extubation in der pädiatrischen Intensivmedizin vermindern. Der routinemäßige prophylaktische Einsatz bei Intubationen erscheint nicht gerechtfertigt. Methylprednisolon und Dexamethason sind die bevorzugten Präparate. Fibrinkleber sind gut verträglich und nebenwirkungsarm. Die Indikation zu ihrem Einsatz sollte primär aus Kostengründen eng gestellt werden. Ihr Einsatz in der Laryngologie bleibt eine Einzelfallentscheidung. Mitomycin C wird wegen seiner antiproliferativen Wirkung auf Fibroblasten eingesetzt, um eine verringerte Narbenbildung zu erreichen. Für die topische Anwendung sind zahlreiche positive Effekte beschrieben. Große Unterschiede bestehen in Dosierung und Expositionszeit.

Abstract

Medicinal adjuvants are often used in operative laryngology but their value is judged very differently. The scientific evidence is unsatisfactory for most of these substances. For corticosteroids it is proven that in pediatric intensive care they reduce stridor following extubation. Routine prophylactic use for intubation does not seem to be justified and methylprednisolone and dexamethasone are the preferred preparations. Fibrin adhesives are well tolerated and low in side-effects. The indications for their use should be primarily limited due to the cost factor. Their use in laryngology remains a decision on an individual case-to-case basis. Mitomycin C is used because of its antiproliferative effect on fibroblasts in order to reduce scar tissue formation. Many positive effects have been attributed to the topical application but there are large differences in dosage and exposure time.

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Sittel, C. Adjuvanzien in der operativen Laryngologie. HNO 56, 1175–1182 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00106-008-1724-z

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