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Gezüchtete Knorpeltransplantate

Histomorphologische, immunhistochemische und biomechanische Charakterisierung

Cartilage grafts generated by tissue engineering

Histomorphological, immunochemical and biomechanical properties

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Zusammenfassung

Hintergrund

Zur Züchtung autologer Knorpeltransplantate steht beim „Tissue-Engineering“ die Herstellung autologer Transplantate aus lebenden Zellen oder Geweben bzw. Zellmatrix im Vordergrund. Nicht vollständig resorbierte Faserreste, unkalkulierbare Zell-Biomaterial-Interaktionen sowie inhomogene Zellverteilungen im Zellträger stellen noch ungelöste Probleme dar.

Methode

Daher wurde ein dreidimensionales Aggregatkultursystem entwickelt, in dem Zellen ohne Verwendung von Biomaterialien Knorpelgewebe generieren können. Dazu wurden Chondrozyten sowie mesenchymale adulte Stammzellen verwendet, die in dem Aggregatkultursystem sowie im athymischen Nacktmausmodell Knorpelgewebe unterschiedlicher Phänotypen generierten. Die Knorpelneogenese wurde histomorphologisch, immunhistochemisch und biomechanisch bestimmt.

Ergebnisse

Nach 3 Wochen In-vitro-Aggregatkultur bildeten die Chondrozyten aller Subklassen Knorpelgewebe. Nach einer 6-wöchigen In-vivo-Reifung im athymischen Nacktmausmodell konnte im Vergleich zu nativem Knorpel eine phänotypisch spezifische Knorpelneogenese nachgewiesen werden.

Fazit

Knorpelzellen unterschiedlicher Subklassen sowie adulte mesenchymale Stammzellen generieren in einem 3D-Aggregatkultursystem Knorpelgewebe entsprechend ihrem Phänotyp. Das 3D-Aggregatkultursystem ist eine vielversprechende Methode zur Herstellung von Knorpeltransplantaten in der rekonstruktiven Kopf-Hals-Chirurgie.

Abstract

Background

The main technique used in tissue engineering for the generation of autologous cartilage grafts is the production of autologous transplant material from living cells or tissues and/or cell matrices. Incompletely absorbed residual fibrous matter, unforeseeable interactions between cells and biological materials and uneven cell distribution of cells in the cell carriers still present unsolved problems.

Methods

For these reasons a three-dimensional aggregate culture system was developed in which cells can generate cartilaginous tissue without the use of biomaterials. Chondrocytes and adult mesenchymal stem cells were used for this purpose and generate cartilaginous tissue with various phenotypes both in the aggregate culture system and in the athymic nude mouse model. The newly generated cartilage was subjected to histomorphological, immunochemical and biochemical investigation.

Results

After 3 weeks of in vitro aggregate culture the chondrocytes of all subclasses formed cartilaginous tissue. After 6 weeks’ in vivo maturation in the athymic nude mouse model the new cartilage was found to differ in typical phenotype depending on the native cartilage used.

Conclusions

Cartilage cells of various subclasses and adult menchymal stem cells generate cartilaginous tissue corresponding to their own phenotypes in a 3D aggregate culture system. This culture system is a promising method of producing cartilage grafts for use in reconstructive head and neck surgery.

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  1. HNO-Klinik, Universitätsklinikum des Saarlandes, Kirrbergerstraße, 66421, Homburg/Saar, Deutschland

    A. Naumann

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Naumann, A. Gezüchtete Knorpeltransplantate . HNO 56, 109–121 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00106-007-1651-4

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