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Primäres malignes Melanom in der Glandula parotidea

Fallbericht und Literaturübersicht

Primary malignant melanoma of the parotid gland

A case report and review of the literature

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Zusammenfassung

Maligne Melanome in der Glandula parotidea sind insgesamt nicht häufig. Fast immer handelt es sich um Metastasen eines Primärtumors im Bereich der Kopfhaut bzw. der Nasen-, Nasennebenhöhlen- oder Rachenschleimhaut. Primärmanifestationen innerhalb der Gl. parotidea sind außergewöhnlich selten. Man geht davon aus, dass sie im Drüsengewebe selbst oder in intraglandulären Lymphknoten entstehen können. Anhand eines Fallbeispiels und einer Literaturübersicht werden Diagnostik, Therapie und Prognose intraparotidealer Manifestationen maligner Melanome dargestellt. Im Vordergrund der Diagnostik stehen der B-Scan-Ultraschall und die Feinnadelaspirationszytologie. Bei zytologischer Diagnose eines malignen Melanoms schließen sich MRT und PET sowie eine umfassende HNO-ärztliche und dermatologische Untersuchung an. Die totale Parotidektomie mit selektiver Neck dissection stellt die Therapie der Wahl dar. Die Wirksamkeit adjuvanter Therapiemaßnahmen, wie Strahlen-, Chemo- oder Immuntherapie, ist bislang nicht eindeutig geklärt. Die Prognose von Patienten mit Primärmanifestationen eines malignen Melanoms in der Gl. parotidea scheint im Vergleich zu Haut- oder Schleimhautmelanomen deutlich besser zu sein.

Abstract

Malignant melanomas (MMs) of the parotid gland are relatively uncommon. They occur almost invariably as metastases from a primary tumour located in the region of the scalp or the mucous membranes of the nose, paranasal sinuses, or throat. Primary MMs arising in the parotid gland are extremely rare. It is assumed that they originate in the glandular tissue or in intraglandular lymph nodes. We present a case report and review of the literature on the diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of intraparotid malignant melanoma. Diagnosis is based primarily on B-scan ultrasonography and fine-needle aspiration cytology. Patients with a cytological diagnosis of MM are further evaluated by magnetic resonance imaging and positron emission tomography and receive a thorough ear–nose–throat and dermatological examination. The treatment of choice is total parotidectomy and selective neck dissection. The effectiveness of adjuvant treatments such as radiotherapy, chemotherapy, or immunotherapy remains controversial. Patients with primary MMs of the parotid gland appear to have a better prognosis than those with parotid metastases from melanomas of the skin or mucous membranes.

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Maier, H., Mühlmeier, G., Kraft, K. et al. Primäres malignes Melanom in der Glandula parotidea. HNO 56, 627–632 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00106-007-1634-5

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