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Sinunasal bedingte Riechstörungen

Ursachen, Folgen, Epidemiologie und Therapie

Olfactory dysfunction due to sinonasal disease

Causes, consequences, epidemiology, and therapy

HNO volume 53, pages S26–S32 (2005)Cite this article

Zusammenfassung

Der Geruchssinn trägt nicht nur entscheidend zu dem bei, was gemeinhin als „Lebensqualität“ bezeichnet wird, sondern er lässt uns z. B. einen Brand frühzeitig erkennen oder schützt uns vor dem Genuss verdorbener Nahrungsmittel. In der Regel wird der Wert dieses Sinneswerkzeugs aber erst dann erkannt, wenn es verloren gegangen ist. Riechstörungen werden in 5 große Gruppen eingeteilt, die postinfektiösen, sinunasalen, posttraumatischen, neurodegenerativen und idiopathischen Ursachen entsprechen. Derzeit gibt es praktisch keine Aussagen hinsichtlich zuverlässiger prognostischer Faktoren, um die Remissionswahrscheinlichkeit auf individueller Ebene voraussagen zu können. Bei sinunasal bedingten Riechstörungen haben sich medikamentöse und operative Verfahren als effizient erwiesen. Dabei werden v. a. Kortikoide topisch und systemisch eingesetzt. Bei schweren mechanischen Behinderungen der Riechfunktion sowie bei fortgeschritteneren Stadien der nasalen Polypose hat sich die funktionelle endoskopische Nasennebenhöhlenchirurgie bewährt.

Abstract

Olfaction not only contributes to our quality of life but, among other functions, it is also necessary for identifying potential dangers, e.g., fire or spoilt food. In general the value of olfaction is only recognized when the sense of smell is impaired or lost. Olfactory dysfunction is diagnosed according to its cause (e.g., sinonasal, post-traumatic, post-upper respiratory tract infection, neurodegenerative, and idiopathic). At present little is known about prognostic factors for predicting resolution of olfactory loss on an individual basis. In cases of impaired olfaction due to sinonasal disease, both conservative and operative treatments have been established. Corticoids are used both topically and systemically. In cases of severe mechanical obstructions or advanced stages of nasal polyposis, FESS (functional endoscopic sinus surgery) seems to be the state of the art.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Universitäts-HNO-Klinik, Dresden

    T. Hummel

  2. Universitäts-HNO-Klinik, Köln

    K.-B. Hüttenbrink

  3. Arbeitsbereich „Riechen und Schmecken“ der Universitäts-HNO-Klinik, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, 01307, Dresden

    T. Hummel

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Hummel, T., Hüttenbrink, KB. Sinunasal bedingte Riechstörungen. HNO 53, S26–S32 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00106-005-1233-2

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Schlüsselwörter

  • Riechen
  • Entzündung
  • Hyposmie
  • Anosmie
  • Riechstörung

Keywords

  • Smell
  • Inflammation
  • Hyposmia
  • Anosmia
  • Olfactory dysfunction