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Plattenepithelkarzinome des Kopf-Hals-Bereichs

Grundlagen und aktuelle Konzepte der Immuntherapie

Squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck

Principles and current concepts of immunotherapy

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Zusammenfassung

Biologische Therapieverfahren, die gegen Tumorzellen gerichtete Immunreaktionen auslösen oder verstärken, könnten als komplementäre Strategie zur Verbesserung der konventionellen Behandlung von Plattenepithelkarzinomen des Kopf-Hals-Bereichs (PKH) beitragen. Patienten mit PKH weisen wegen der Elimination und Fehlfunktion wichtiger immunologischer Effektorzellen häufig eine eingeschränkte Immunreaktivität auf. Deshalb dürfte für den Aufbau effektiver antitumoraler Immunantworten die Wiederherstellung der immunologischen Kompetenz notwendig sein. Gleichzeitig wird man zur Vermeidung von Mechanismen, sich dem Zugriff des Immunsystems zu entziehen („tumor escape“), die antigenen und immunogenen Eigenschaften der Tumorzellen verändern müssen. In dieser Übersicht werden allgemeine Aspekte sowie historische und aktuelle Entwicklungen auf dem Gebiet der Immuntherapie von PKH zusammengefasst, wie beispielsweise der unspezifischen Immunstimulation, dem Transfer von Immunzellen, der Gentherapie, dem Einsatz monoklonaler Antikörper sowie der Tumorimpfung.

Abstract

Biologic therapies able to induce or up-regulate anti-tumor immune responses could represent a complementary approach to improve the conventional treatment of squamous cell carcinomas of the head and neck (SCCHN). Patients with SCCHN are frequently immunocompromised due to the elimination and dysfunction of critical immune effector cells. Therefore, it might be necessary to restore these immune functions to allow for the generation of effective anti-tumor host responses. Simultaneously, to prevent tumor escape from immunological recognition and destruction, it might also be necessary to alter antigenic and immunogenic attributes of the malignant cells. The present overview summarizes general aspects, historical data, and recent advances in the field of immunotherapy of SCCHN, including non-specific immune stimulation, transfer of immunocompetent cells, gene therapy, use of monoclonal antibodies, and anti-cancer vaccines.

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  1. Klinik und Poliklinik für Hals-, Nasen- und Ohrenkrankheiten der Universität Düsseldorf

    T. K. Hoffmann & H. Bier

  2. Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA

    T. L. Whiteside

  3. Klinik und Poliklinik für Hals-, Nasen- und Ohrenkrankheiten der Universität Düsseldorf, Moorenstraße 5, 40225, Düsseldorf

    T. K. Hoffmann

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Hoffmann, T.K., Whiteside, T.L. & Bier, H. Plattenepithelkarzinome des Kopf-Hals-Bereichs. HNO 53, 285–298 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00106-004-1167-0

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