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Behandlung akuter kochleovestibulärer Schädigungen nach dem Tauchen

The treatment of cochleovestibular incidents after diving

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Zusammenfassung

Hintergrund

In den letzten Jahren nahm die Zahl der Sporttaucher und in der Folge die Anzahl von Tauchunfällen stetig zu. Die meisten tauchmedizinischen Erkrankungen betreffen das Hals-Nasen-Ohren-ärztliche Gebiet. Insbesondere kochleovestibuläre Störungen nach dem Tauchen können zu persistierenden Schädigungen des Innenohrs führen.

Material und Methodik

Entstehung, Klinik, Differenzialdiagnose und -therapie des Innenohrbarotraumas und der Innenohrdekompressionserkrankung werden beschrieben. Die Literatur zu Entstehung, Klinik, Differenzialdiagnose und -therapie des Innenohrbarotraumas und der Innenohrdekompressionserkrankung wird mit den Erfahrungen aus der Heidelberger Tauchersprechstunde verglichen.

Ergebnis

Die Dekompressionserkrankung des Innenohrs scheint weitaus häufiger vorzukommen als bisher vermutet.

Diskussion

Hyperbare Sauerstofftherapie als Behandlung der Wahl bei Dekompressionserkrankung gilt bei Innenohrbarotrauma bisher als kontraindiziert. Hierzu wird ein neues Behandlungskonzept vorgeschlagen. Kann eine Dekompressionserkrankung des Innenohrs klinisch nicht ausgeschlossen werden, sollte immer eine hyperbare Sauerstofftherpie durchgeführt werden. Um Taucher mit Barotrauma des Innenohrs nicht zu gefährden, empfehlen wir eine vorherige Parazentese beider Trommelfelle.

Abstract

Background

There has been a steady increase of recreational scuba divers in the last years. The majority of diving associated diseases involve otorhinolaryngology, the most important of which are cochleovestibular dysfunctions as these can lead to permanent inner ear failure.

Material and methods

We discuss the origin and clinical symptoms, as well as the therapy, of both inner ear barotrauma and inner ear decompression illness. Our own experiences are considered together with a review of the literature from the last decade.

Results

Inner ear decompression illness seems to be a relatively common diving associated incident and is not as rare as previously thought.

Discussion

Hyperbaric oxygen therapy is the treatment of choice for patients with inner ear decompression sickness, but is contraindicated in patients with inner ear barotrauma. As long as an inner ear decompression illness can not be ruled out, we suggest that every patient should be treated using hyperbaric oxygen therapy but only after bilateral paracentesis.

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Klingmann, C., Schellinger, P.D., Helbig, M. et al. Behandlung akuter kochleovestibulärer Schädigungen nach dem Tauchen. HNO 52, 891–896 (2004). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00106-003-1025-5

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00106-003-1025-5

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