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Aeroallergene von zunehmender Bedeutung für die allergische Rhinitis

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Zusammenfassung

Hintergrund und Methode.

Die allergische Rhinitis ist ein häufiges Krankheitsbild mit steigender Prävalenz bei einem Vorkommen von etwa 10–20% in der Bevölkerung. Die vorliegende Untersuchung diskutiert die Ursachen dieser erhöhten Prävalenz.

Ergebnisse.

In den letzten 10 Jahren wurde eine Zunahme allergischer Reaktionen gegen inhalative Bestandteile von Insekten wie Kakerlaken beschrieben. In den Tropen gedeihende Milben gehören ebenfalls zu Aeroallergenen, die zukünftig in speziellen europäischen Regionen eine Rolle spielen werden. Der Pflanzensaft von Ficus-benjamina-Blättern repräsentiert ein neues Aeroallergen, dessen Bedeutung wegen seiner Kreuzallergenität zu Latex ein spezielles allergologisches Problem im Innenraumbereich darstellt. Besondere Bedeutung kommt auch der Exposition gegenüber tierischen Allergenen zu, die auf der veränderten Haltung von Haustieren beruht.

Schlussfolgerung.

Die Identifizierung und Aufschlüsselung von Aeroallergenen kann zu einer verbesserten Betreuung allergischer Patienten in Prävention, Diagnose und Therapie führen.

Abstract

Background and methods.

Allergic rhinitis is a very common disease with an increasing prevalence to 10–20% over the last 40 years. These studies propose different reasons for this increase.

Results.

An increasing exposure to outdoor allergens is shown in different geographical and climatic areas, like the rising frequency of reactions to cockroaches in Europe or to mites in tropical areas. New aero-allergens have appeared in the animal and vegetable realms, both in home and professional environments. Respiratory allergy to Ficus benjamina inaugurated a new type of allergy caused by airborne allergens from non-pollinating plants. This is specially important because of the cross-reactions to latex.

Conclusion.

The immunochemical structures of airborne allergens are now better known, and the homologous structures of different allergens largely explain certain cross-reactions. In the future, recombinant allergens will probably lead to better understanding of the role of allergens in inducing and maintaining the allergic reaction and should promote our approach to diagnosis and therapy.

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  1. Klinik und Poliklinik für Hals-, Nasen- und Ohrenheilkunde, Universitätsklinikum Münster

    C. Rudack, F. Sachse & S. Jörg

  2. HNO, Universitätsklinikum Münster, Kardinal-von-Galen Ring 10, 48149, Münster

    C. Rudack

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Rudack, C., Sachse, F. & Jörg, S. Aeroallergene von zunehmender Bedeutung für die allergische Rhinitis. HNO 51, 694–703 (2003). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00106-003-0917-8

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