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Klinische Shortcuts in der Differenzialdiagnostik von Pruritus

Clinical shortcuts in the differential diagnosis of pruritus

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Zusammenfassung

Chronischer Pruritus ist ein häufiges und sehr belastendes Symptom in der gesamten Medizin. Die Versorgung von Patienten mit chronischem Pruritus ist nicht nur aufgrund der hohen Prävalenz, sondern auch wegen des multifaktoriellen Charakters des Pruritus, der zum Teil stark ausgeprägten reaktiven Folgeerscheinungen und nicht zuletzt wegen kaum zugelassener Therapien sehr komplex. Neben dem Hauptziel, keinen Pruritus mehr zu empfinden, wünschen sich die Patienten von ihrer Behandlung, die Ursache des chronischen Pruritus zu finden. Dieser Beitrag schließt klinische Shortcuts ein, die aufgrund der Anamnese bzw. der Lokalisation des Pruritus Hinweise auf die zugrunde liegende Ursache des chronischen Pruritus geben können, um eine detaillierte Diagnostik anzustreben bzw. überflüssige Diagnostik zu vermeiden. Sollten klinische Shortcuts nicht vorliegen, empfehlen wir eine strukturierte Anamnese, die in diesem Beitrag ebenfalls thematisiert wird.

Abstract

Chronic pruritus is a common and burdensome symptom in medicine. The care of patients with chronic pruritus is very complex not only because of the high prevalence, but also because of the multifactorial character of itch and the lack of approved therapies. In addition to the main patient need to alleviate the pruritus, patients wish to find the cause of chronic pruritus. This article summarizes some clinical shortcuts. Simple procedures such as taking a detailed medical history can provide clues to the underlying cause of chronic pruritus in order to achieve targeted diagnostic workup or to avoid unnecessary testing. If clinical shortcuts are not identified, we recommend a structured medical history, which is also discussed in this article.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Kompetenzzentrum Chronischer Pruritus (KCP), Klinik für Hautkrankheiten, Universitätsklinikum Münster, Von-Esmarch-Str. 58, 48149, Münster, Deutschland

    C. Zeidler & S. Ständer

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  1. C. Zeidler
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Correspondence to C. Zeidler.

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Interessenkonflikt

C. Zeidler und S. Ständer geben an, dass kein Interessenkonflikt besteht.

Für diesen Beitrag wurden von den Autoren keine Studien an Menschen oder Tieren durchgeführt. Für die aufgeführten Studien gelten die jeweils dort angegebenen ethischen Richtlinien.

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Zeidler, C., Ständer, S. Klinische Shortcuts in der Differenzialdiagnostik von Pruritus. Hautarzt 71, 493–499 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00105-020-04606-2

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