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Einfluss von Ernährung, autoimmunen Volkskrankheiten und Rauchen auf die Erkrankungshäufigkeit von Fußmykosen

Influence of nutrition, common autoimmune diseases and smoking on the incidence of foot mycoses

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Zusammenfassung

Hintergrund

Fußmykosen einschließlich Onychomykosen sind weltweit verbreitete Infektionserkrankungen. Zur Abklärung möglicher präventiv nutzbarer Einflussfaktoren sollte erstmalig im Rahmen einer regional landesweiten flächendeckenden Erhebung anhand zufällig ausgewählter Einwohner in Mecklenburg‐Vorpommern der Einfluss bestimmter Ernährungsgewohnheiten, häufiger autoimmuner Komorbiditäten und Rauchen auf die Prävalenz von Fußmykosen untersucht werden.

Ziele

Es erfolgte die Ermittlung potenzieller neuer Einflussfaktoren der Mykoseentstehung, um ggf. präventive Maßnahmen ableiten zu können.

Methodik

Im Rahmen der Study of Health in Pomerania (SHIP) in Mecklenburg‐Vorpommern wurden insgesamt 2523 Probanden auf das Vorliegen von Mykosen am Körper untersucht und mykologisch beprobt. Mittels Fragebogen wurden die Komorbiditäten Leiden unter Allergie, Heuschnupfen, Neurodermitis und Psoriasis erfragt, außerdem Ernährungsgewohnheiten sowie Rauchverhalten.

Ergebnisse

Bei 8 % der 2504 untersuchten Probanden wurde eine Mykose am Körper, bei 6,5 % eine Onychomykose, bei 3,7 % eine Tinea pedis und bei 0,2 % Tinea corporis diagnostiziert. Tinea pedis zeigte eine signifikante Assoziation mit Psoriasis, Heuschnupfen und atopischer Dermatitis sowie mit häufigem Verzehr von gekochten Kartoffeln, Haferflocken, Müsli, Cornflakes, Teigwaren und Reis. Die Onychomykose zeigte eine positive Assoziation mit dem gehäuften Verzehr von gekochten Kartoffeln. Zigarettenkonsum war im Trend protektiv für das Auftreten kulturpositiver Fußmykosen, dabei signifikant protektiv gegenüber dem Nachweis von Dermatophyten allgemein und signifikant gegenüber Trichophyton (T.) rubrum und T. mentagrophytes complex.

Schlussfolgerungen

Die Autoimmunkrankheiten Psoriasis und atopische Dermatitis und Rhinitis allergica scheinen Fußpilzerkrankungen zu begünstigen. Bei rezidivierenden Fußmykosen sollte eine kohlenhydratreiche Ernährung hinterfragt werden. Nikotingenuss scheint die Haut vor Pilzbefall und möglicherweise auch vor klinischer Manifestation zu schützen.

Abstract

Background

Foot mycoses, including onychomycoses, are worldwide infectious diseases. As part of a regional survey using randomly selected residents of in Mecklenburg–Western Pomerania, we investigated the impact of dietary habits, the presence of most frequent autoimmune diseases and current smoking on fungal skin infections in order to reveal potential new risk factors to elucidate potential preventive interventions.

Objectives

The identification of potential new factors that influence the development of mycosis was performed in order to derive possible preventive measures.

Methods

In the Study of Health in Pomerania (SHIP) in Mecklengburg–Western Pomerania, 2523 inhabitants were examined for mycotic lesions and asked about nutritional habits, the presence of atopic dermatitis, allergic rhinitis, psoriasis and smoking habits.

Results

In all, 8% of probands were diagnosed with mycosis, 6.5% onychomycosis, 3.7% tinea pedis and 0.2% tinea corporis. Psoriasis, allergic rhinitis and atopic dermatitis and frequent consumption of cooked potatoes, oatmeal and corn flakes, cereals, pasta and rice were significantly associated with tinea pedis. Onychomycosis was positively associated with consumption of cooked potatoes. Cigarette consumption proved protective for tinea pedis and dermatophyte colonization.

Conclusions

The autoimmune disorders psoriasis and atopic dermatitis and allergic rhinitis seem to predispose to foot mycosis. Recalcitrant mycosis should raise the question of diets high in carbohydrates. Nicotine abuse seems to protect against skin mycosis and colonization.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Klinik und Poliklinik für Hautkrankheiten, Universitätsmedizin Greifswald, Sauerbruchstr. 1–4, 17475, Greifswald, Deutschland

    G. Daeschlein, L. Rauch, H. Haase, A. Arnold, S. Lutze, S. von Podewils, M. Niggemeier & M. Jünger

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  1. G. Daeschlein
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  2. L. Rauch
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Correspondence to G. Daeschlein.

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Interessenkonflikt

G. Daeschlein, L. Rauch, H. Haase, A. Arnold, S. Lutze, S. von Podewils, M. Niggemeier und M. Jünger geben an, dass kein Interessenkonflikt besteht.

Es wurde die sog SHIP-Studie (Study of Health in Pomerania), für die alle ethikrelevanten Regularien erfüllt werden, durchgeführt.

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Daeschlein, G., Rauch, L., Haase, H. et al. Einfluss von Ernährung, autoimmunen Volkskrankheiten und Rauchen auf die Erkrankungshäufigkeit von Fußmykosen. Hautarzt 70, 581–593 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00105-019-4441-5

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