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Prävalenz, Risikogruppen und Motive der Solariennutzung in Deutschland

Prevalence, risk groups, and reasons for sunbed use in Germany

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Zusammenfassung

Hintergrund

Solarienstrahlung wurde jüngst von der International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) als krebserregend eingestuft. Anders als in anderen Nationen war die Datenlage zu diesem dermatologisch wichtigen Risikofaktor in Deutschland bis zuletzt mangelhaft.

Ziel der Arbeit

Ziel der SUN-Study 2012 (Sunbed-Use: Needs for Action Study) war daher die Ermittlung epidemiologischer Prävalenzdaten zu diesem völlig vermeidbaren Risikofaktor.

Material und Methoden

Es wurden 4851 Personen im Alter zwischen 14 und 45 Jahren zufällig und repräsentativ aus der bundesdeutschen Bevölkerung ausgewählt und mittels standardisierter Telefoninterviews befragt. Der Befragungszeitraum wurde in eine Sommer- und eine Winterwelle gesplittet, um mögliche Jahreszeiteffekte zu berücksichtigen.

Ergebnisse

Vier von 10 Deutschen im Alter von 14 bis 45 Jahren [39,2 % (95 %-KI: 37,8–40,6 %)] waren schon einmal in einem Solarium. Innerhalb des letzten Jahres hatten 14,6 % (95 %-KI: 13,6–15,6 %) ein Solarium besucht. Die durchschnittliche Nutzung lag bei derzeitigen Nutzern bei 6 Besuchen pro Jahr. Unter den derzeitigen Solariennutzern hatte jeder Zwanzigste eine familiäre Vorgeschichte eines malignen Melanoms bei Verwandten ersten Grades. Über 5 % aller Minderjährigen besuchen trotz des bundesweiten Verbots zurzeit Solarien – meist an unbeaufsichtigten Standorten. Die Hälfte dieser Minderjährigen kannte das gesetzliche Solarienverbot für Minderjährige nicht.

Diskussion

Unsere Studie belegt, dass die Solariennutzung als ein wichtiger Risikofaktor für Hautkrebs weit verbreitet ist. In der deutschen Bevölkerung bestehen zudem deutliche Informationsdefizite über die Gesundheitsrisiken von Solarien.

Abstract

Background

Ultraviolet (UV) radiation of sunbeds has been classified carcinogenic by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC). Unlike in other countries the available data on the important risk factor has been lacking until recently in Germany.

Objectives

The SUN-Study 2012 (Sunbed-Use: Needs for Action Study) aimed at identifying epidemiological prevalence data concerning this completely preventable risk factor.

Materials and methods

A total of 4,851 participants aged 14–45 years were selected from the German population in a representative manner and were surveyed via standardized telephone interviews. The survey period was split into a summer and a winter wave in order to take possible season effects into account.

Results

Four out of 10 Germans aged 14–45 years (39.2 %; 95 % CI 37.8–40.6 %) have ever used a sunbed. Within the last year 14.6 % (95 % CI 13.6–15.6 %) visited a sunbed. Current users reported six visits per year on average and every twentieth reported a family history of cutaneous malignant melanoma in first-degree relatives. More than 5 % of minors currently used sunbeds despite the nationwide ban, mostly at unsupervised locations. Half of those minors did not know about the legal ban of sunbed use for minors.

Conclusions

Our study proves that sunbed use which is an important risk factor for skin cancer is widely used. Moreover, considerable information deficits about health risks exist among the German population.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Mannheimer Institut für Public Health, Sozial- und Präventivmedizin, Medizinische Fakultät Mannheim, Universität Heidelberg, Ludolf-Krehl-Str. 7–11, 68167, Mannheim, Deutschland

    S. Schneider M.A., T. Görig & K. Diehl

  2. Arbeitsgemeinschaft Dermatologische Prävention (ADP) e. V., Hamburg, Deutschland

    E. W. Breitbart & R. Greinert

  3. European Society of Skin Cancer Prevention EUROSKIN, Buxtehude, Deutschland

    E. W. Breitbart & R. Greinert

Authors
  1. S. Schneider M.A.
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  2. T. Görig
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  3. E. W. Breitbart
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  4. R. Greinert
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  5. K. Diehl
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to S. Schneider M.A..

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Interessenkonflikt

S. Schneider, T. Görig, E.W. Breitbart, R. Greinert und K. Diehl geben an, dass kein Interessenkonflikt besteht.

Es wurden epidemiologische Prävalenzdaten erhoben. Die Arbeit wurde im Einklang mit nationalem Recht sowie gemäß der Deklaration von Helsinki von 1975 (in der aktuellen, überarbeiteten Fassung) durchgeführt.

Additional information

Die Studie wurde gefördert von der Deutschen Krebshilfe e. V.

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Schneider, S., Görig, T., Breitbart, E.W. et al. Prävalenz, Risikogruppen und Motive der Solariennutzung in Deutschland. Hautarzt 67, 226–233 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00105-015-3753-3

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00105-015-3753-3

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