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Spermaallergie

Semen allergy

Der Hautarzt volume 66, pages 919–923 (2015)Cite this article

Zusammenfassung

Die Spermaallergie stellt eine Typ-I-Reaktion dar. Belastbare Zahlen über Inzidenz/Prävalenz liegen nicht vor. Die Symptome lassen sich in lokale und systemische Beschwerden unterteilen. Nach Ejakulatexposition treten an den Kontaktstellen Juckreiz und Schwellungen auf, während es systemisch zu einer generalisierten Urtikaria mit Angioödem bis hin zu höhergradigen Anaphylaxien kommen kann. Als auslösende Allergene wurden Substanzen aus dem Seminalplasma (SP) identifiziert, die SP-typisch oder SP-untypisch sein können. Reaktionen gegen Spermatozoen konnten bislang nicht sicher nachgewiesen werden. Hinsichtlich der SP-typischen Allergene wurde das prostataspezifische Antigen (PSA) identifiziert. In Bezug auf SP-untypische Allergene wurden Nahrungsmittel bzw. Medikamente beschrieben, die offenbar im SP akkumulieren und dann bei entsprechend vorhandener Sensibilisierung der Frau Symptome auslösen können. Hauptkriterium bei der Diagnose der Spermaallergie ist Symptomfreiheit bei Kondomverkehr. Daneben kommen Haut-Prick-Testungen und Bestimmung von allergenspezifischem IgE zum Einsatz. Bei Kinderwunsch kann eine Insemination mit gewaschenen, SP-freien Spermatozoen durchgeführt werden. Auch eine Desensibilisierung kann in Erwägung gezogen werden.

Abstract

A semen allergy is a type I reaction. Reliable figures about incidence/prevalence are not available. Symptoms can be characterized as local and systemic. After exposure to ejaculate, the patient may experience itching and swelling at points of contact, while systemically it may also lead to generalized urticaria with angioedema or higher grade anaphylaxis. As triggering allergens, substances in seminal plasma (SP) have been identified, which can be SP typical or SP atypical. Reactions against spermatozoa have not yet been clearly proven. With regard to SP-typical allergens, prostate-specific antigen (PSA) has been identified, while for SP-atypical allergens, medications or food allergens have been reported, which apparently accumulate in the SP and can then trigger symptoms in women with existing sensitization. The main criteria for the diagnosis of sperm allergy is freedom from symptoms when condoms are used during intercourse. In addition, skin prick tests and determination of allergen-specific IgE are used. In patients with a desire for children, washed, SP-free spermatozoa can be used for insemination. In addition, desensitization may be considered.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Klinik und Poliklinik für Dermatologie und Allergologie, Universitätsklinikum Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Str. 25, 53105, Bonn, Deutschland

    J.-P. Allam, G. Haidl & N. Novak

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  1. J.-P. Allam
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  2. G. Haidl
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  3. N. Novak
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Correspondence to J.-P. Allam.

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J.-P. Allam, G. Haidl und N. Novak geben an, dass kein Interessenkonflikt besteht.

Dieser Beitrag beinhaltet keine Studien an Menschen oder Tieren.

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Cite this article

Allam, JP., Haidl, G. & Novak, N. Spermaallergie. Hautarzt 66, 919–923 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00105-015-3710-1

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00105-015-3710-1

Schüsselwörter

  • Ejakulat
  • Anaphylaxie
  • Allergene
  • Desensibilisierung
  • Insemination

Keywords

  • Ejaculation
  • Anaphylaxis
  • Allergens
  • Desensitization, immunologic
  • Insemination