Zusammenfassung
Effluvien und Alopezien kommen oft schon bei Kindern vor. Die Häufigkeit der einzelnen Ursachen und Erkrankungen sowie Behandlung und Prognose unterscheiden sich jedoch zum Teil erheblich vom Erwachsenenalter. Diese Arbeit legt den Schwerpunkt auf die häufigen erworbenen Alopezieformen des Kindesalters, die ohne entzündliche Veränderungen der Kopfhaut und ohne Vernarbung einhergehen. Im Mittelpunkt der Betrachtung stehen die Alopecia areata als wohl wichtigste Entität und die Trichotillomanie als ihre schwierigste Differenzialdiagnose. Als bedeutende Formen des diffusen Haarverlustes werden anagen-dystrophisches und telogenes Effluvium, androgenetische Alopezie und loses Anagenhaar besprochen.
Abstract
Hair loss and alopecia occur frequently in children. The prevalence of the underlying causes and conditions, treatment options and prognosis differ in part significantly from adulthood. This article focuses on frequent forms of acquired alopecia which are not associated with inflammation or scarring of the scalp. Special attention is given to alopecia areata as the most important entity and to trichotillomania as its most difficult differential diagnosis. Significant forms of diffuse hair loss include anagen-dystrophic and telogen effluvium, androgenetic alopecia and loose anagen hair.
Literatur
Hamm H (2006) Haarkrankheiten. In: Traupe H, Hamm H (Hrsg) Pädiatrische Dermatologie, 2. Aufl. Springer, Heidelberg, S 647–675
Inui S, Nakajima T, Nakagawa K, Itami S (2008) Clinical significance of dermoscopy in alopecia areata: analysis of 300 cases. Int J Dermatol 47:688–693
Harries MJ, Sun J, Paus R, King LE Jr (2010) Management of alopecia areata. BMJ 341:c3671
Chu SY, Chen YJ, Tseng WC et al (2011) Comorbidity profiles among patients with alopecia areata: the importance of onset age, a nationwide population-based study. J Am Acad Dermatol 65:949–956
Salsberg JM, Donovan J (2012) The safety and efficacy of diphencyprone for the treatment of alopecia areata in children. Arch Dermatol 148:1084–1085
Royer M, Bodemer C, Vabres P et al (2011) Efficacy and tolerability of methotrexate in severe childhood alopecia areata. Br J Dermatol 165:407–410
Duke DC, Keeley ML, Geffken GR, Storch EA (2010) Trichotillomania: a current review. Clin Psychol Rev 30:181–193
Franklin ME, Zagrabbe K, Benavides KL (2011) Trichotillomania and its treatment: a review and recommendations. Expert Rev Neurother 11:1165–1174
Franklin ME, Edson AL, Ledley DA, Cahill SP (2011) Behavior therapy for pediatric trichotillomania: a randomized controlled trial. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 50:763–771
Yamazaki M, Irisawa R, Tsuboi R (2010) Temporal triangular alopecia and a review of 52 past cases. J Dermatol 37:360–362
Trüeb RM (2003) Haare. Praxis der Trichologie. Steinkopff, Darmstadt
Lee C, Choi PD, Scott G, Arkader A (2012) Postoperative alopecia in children after orthopaedic surgery. J Pediatr Orthop 32:e53–e55
Weibel L (2012) Lokalisierte Sklerodermie (Morphea) im Kindesalter. Hautarzt 63:89–96
Trüeb RM (2009) Chemotherapy-induced alopecia. Semin Cutan Med Surg 28:11–14
Rogers S, Donachie P, Sugden E et al (2011) Comparison of permanent hair loss in children with standard risk PNETS of the posterior fossa following radiotherapy alone or chemotherapy and radiotherapy after surgical resection. Pediatr Blood Cancer 57:1074–1076
Gonzalez ME, Cantatore-Francis J, Orlow SJ (2010) Androgenetic alopecia in the paediatric population: a retrospective review of 57 patients. Br J Dermatol 163:378–385
Tosti A, Iorizzo M, Piraccini BM (2005) Androgenetic alopecia in children: report of 20 cases. Br J Dermatol 152:556–559
Blume-Peytavi U, Blumeyer A, Tosti A et al (2011) S1 guideline for diagnostic evaluation in androgenetic alopecia in men, women and adolescents. Br J Dermatol 164:5–15
Hamm H (2011) Haare und Nägel. In: Schwarz T, Luger T (Hrsg) DermaUpdate 2011– Handbuch Dermatologie 2011. Med update, Wiesbaden, S 5.1–5.43
Cantatore-Francis JL, Orlow SJ (2009) Practical guidelines for evaluation of loose anagen hair syndrome. Arch Dermatol 145:1123–1128
Giacomini F, Starace M, Tosti A (2011) Short anagen syndrome. Pediatr Dermatol 28:133–134
Interessenkonflikt
Der korrespondierende Autor gibt an, dass kein Interessenkonflikt besteht.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Hamm, H. Erworbene Alopezien im Kindesalter. Hautarzt 64, 371–381 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00105-013-2554-9
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00105-013-2554-9