Zusammenfassung
Die allergische Rhinitis (AR) stellt mit einer Prävalenz von 7–17% im Kindes- und Jugendalter eine sehr häufige Erkrankung dar, die zu einer signifikanten Beeinträchtigung der Lebensqualität führen kann. Seit 100 Jahren wird zu ihrer kausalen Behandlung die subkutane Immuntherapie (SCIT) eingesetzt. Nach sorgfältiger Indikationsstellung kann durch die SCIT eine klinisch relevante Reduktion saisonaler Beschwerden sowie des Medikamentenverbrauchs erreicht werden. Schwerwiegende Nebenwirkungen einer SCIT werden bei adäquater Durchführung und Überwachung nur sehr selten beobachtet. Als weniger schmerzhafte Alternative zur SCIT kann die sublinguale Immuntherapie (SLIT) auch im Kindesalter eingesetzt werden, wenn eine SCIT nicht möglich ist und klinisch-wissenschaftliche Effektivitätsdaten für das jeweilige Präparat vorliegen. Lokalreaktionen treten unter SLIT häufig auf, schwere systemische und lebensbedrohliche Nebenwirkungen wurden bisher nach adäquat durchgeführter SLIT nicht beobachtet.
Abstract
Allergic rhinitis (AR) is a common disease affecting 7–17% of children and adolescents who may suffer from a significantly impaired quality of life. For 100 years subcutaneous immunotherapy (SCIT) has been used to treat AR. If patients are chosen carefully, a clinically relevant reduction of seasonal symptoms and medication use can be achieved by SCIT. Serious adverse events are rarely encountered during adequately performed and monitored SCIT. Sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT) may be used as a less painful therapeutic alternative in children if the administration of SCIT is impossible. Recent controlled trials have shown that SLIT performed over one pollen season also ameliorates seasonal symptoms and reduces the need for concomitant medication. Local reactions are frequently encountered during SLIT whereas systemic and life-threatening adverse events under correctly performed SLIT have not been reported so far.
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Ott, H., Bufe, A. & Merk, H. Indikationen und Studienlage zur spezifischen Immuntherapie im Kindes- und Jugendalter. Hautarzt 62, 671–676 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00105-011-2163-4
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00105-011-2163-4
Schlüsselwörter
- Spezifische Immuntherapie
- Sublinguale Immuntherapie
- Subkutane Immuntherapie
- Kindesalter
- Allergische Rhinitis