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Spezifische Schwangerschaftsdermatosen

The specific dermatoses of pregnancy

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Zusammenfassung

Die spezifischen Schwangerschaftsdermatosen repräsentieren eine heterogene Gruppe entzündlicher Dermatosen, die ausschließlich mit der Schwangerschaft und/oder der Postpartalperiode vergesellschaftet sind. Nach neuester Klassifikation zählen dazu die folgenden 4 Erkrankungen: Pemphigoid gestationis, polymorphe Schwangerschaftsdermatose, intrahepatische Schwangerschaftscholestase und atopische Schwangerschaftsdermatose. Ihr gemeinsames Leitsymptom ist heftiger Juckreiz, der von charakteristischen Effloreszenzen begleitet wird. Während einige dieser Dermatosen aufgrund des Pruritus lediglich unangenehm für die Mutter sind, bergen andere ein potenzielles Risiko für das Kind. Frühzeitige Diagnose und spezifische Therapie sind daher unerlässlich. Diese Übersicht widmet sich den einzelnen Schwangerschaftsdermatosen im Detail und präsentiert einen Algorithmus zu Diagnostik und Management von Pruritus in der Schwangerschaft.

Abstract

The specific dermatoses of pregnancy represent a heterogeneous group of inflammatory skin diseases related to pregnancy and/or the postpartum period. The most recent classification includes pemphigoid gestationis, polymorphic eruption of pregnancy, intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy, and atopic eruption of pregnancy. The hallmark of all four entities is severe pruritus that is accompanied by characteristic skin changes. While some of these dermatoses are distressing only to the mother because of pruritus, others may be associated with significant fetal risks. Early diagnosis and prompt treatment are therefore essential. In this review, we will discuss the various pregnancy dermatoses in detail and present an algorithm for diagnosis and management of pruritus in pregnancy.

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Abbreviations

PG:

Pemphigoid gestationis

DEJ:

Dermoepidermale Junktionszone

IF:

Immunfluoreszenz

C3:

Komplement 3

NC16a:

NC16a-Domäne des bullösen Pemphigoidantigens 2

ELISA:

Enczyme-linked immunosorbent assay

PEP:

Polymorphic eruption of pregnancy, polymorphe Schwangerschaftsdermatose

ICP:

Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy, intrahepatische Schwangerschaftscholestase

AEP:

Atopic eruption of pregnancy, atopische Schwangerschaftsdermatose

HV:

Hautveränderungen

SSW:

Schwangerschaftswoche

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  1. Universitätsklinik für Dermatologie und Venerologie, Medizinische Universität Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 8, 8010, Graz, Österreich

    C.M. Ambros-Rudolph

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  1. C.M. Ambros-Rudolph
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Correspondence to C.M. Ambros-Rudolph.

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Ambros-Rudolph, C. Spezifische Schwangerschaftsdermatosen. Hautarzt 61, 1014–1020 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00105-010-2009-5

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