Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Fettgewebe

Zelluläre und molekulare Grundlagen

Adipose tissue

Cellular and molecular principles

  • Leitthema
  • Published:
Der Hautarzt Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Zusammenfassung

Nachdem in der kutanen Biologie über Jahrzehnte hinweg der Fokus des Interesses auf Epidermis und Dermis gerichtet war, gerät in jüngster Zeit die Subkutis immer mehr in das Blickfeld von Wissenschaft, Kosmetik und Industrie. Zahlreiche neue Ansätze werden aktuell entwickelt, um den Aufbau, die Differenzierung und die Funktion des Fettgewebes zu verstehen. Zum Verständnis dieser Entwicklungen ist ein Überblick über die zellulären und molekularen Grundlagen des Fettgewebes unverzichtbar, der in dieser State-of-the-Art-Übersicht vermittelt werden soll.

Abstract

For many decades, cutaneous biology research has primarily focused on the dermis and epidermis. In recent years the subcutaneous far has attracted the attention of basic science, cosmetology and industry. Numerous new approaches are in the process of development, enabling us to better understand assembly, differentiation and function of adipose tissue. To understand these developments a background in the cellular and molecular basics of adipose tissue is indispensable. This state-of the art article provides the needed information.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Abb. 1
Abb. 2

Literatur

  1. Brombach C, Wagner U, Eisinger-Watzl M (2006) Die Nationale Verzehrstudie II. Ernahrungs-Umschau 53:4–9

    Google Scholar 

  2. Nationale Verzehrstudie II, Ergebnisbericht Teil 1 (2008) Max Rubner-Institut, Bundesforschungsinstitut für Ernährung und Lebensmittel. http://www.was-esse-ich.de/uploads/media/NVS_II_Abschlussbericht_Teil_1.pdf

  3. Rehner G, Diel H (2002) Biochemie der Ernährung, 2. Aufl. Spektrum Akademischer Verlag, Heidelberg Berlin, S 487–515

  4. Thomas EL, Saeed N, Hajnal JV et al (1998) Magnetic resonance imaging of total body fat. J Appl Physiol 85:1778–1785

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Klinke R, Silbernagl S (2003) Lehrbuch der Physiologie. Georg Thieme, Stuttgart New York

  6. Enzi G, Gasparo M, Biondetti PR et al (1986) Subcutaneous and visceral fat distribution according to sex, age, and overweight, evaluated by computed tomography. Am J Clin Nutr 44:739–746

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Cinti S (2002) Adipocyte differentiation and transdifferentiation: plasticity of the adipose organ. J Endocrinol Invest 25:823–835

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Heaton JM (1972) The distribution of brown adipose tissue in the human. J Anat 112:35–39

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Tanuma Y, Ohata M, Ito T, Yokochi C (1976) Possible function of human brown adipose tissue as suggested by observation on perirenal brown fats from necropsy cases of variable age groups. Arch Histol Jpn 39:117–145

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Hany TF, Gharehpapagh E, Kamel EM et al (2002) Brown adipose tissue: a factor to consider in symmetrical tracer uptake in the neck and upper chest region. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 29:1393–1398

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. Yeung HW, Grewal RK, Gonen M et al (2003) Patterns of (18)F-FDG uptake in adipose tissue and muscle: a potential source of false-positives for PET. J Nucl Med 44:1789–1796

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Virtanen KA, Lidell ME, Orava J et al (2009) Functional brown adipose tissue in healthy adults. N Engl J Med 360:1518–1525

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Marken Lichtenbelt WD van, Vanhommerig JW, Smulders NM et al (2009) Cold-activated brown adipose tissue in healthy men. N Engl J Med 360:1500–1508

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Cypess AM, Lehman S, Williams G et al (2009) Identification and importance of brown adipose tissue in adult humans. N Engl J Med 360:1509–1517

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Mattson MP (2010) Perspective: Does brown fat protect against diseases of aging? Ageing Res Rev 9:69–76

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Wajchenberg BL (2000) Subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue: their relation to the metabolic syndrome. Endocr Rev 21:697–738

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Coleman SR, Grover R (2006) The anatomy of the aging face: volume loss and changes in 3-dimensional topography. Aesthet Surg J 26(1S):S4–S9

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Hughes VA, Roubenoff R, Wood M et al (2004) Anthropometric assessment of 10-y changes in body composition in the elderly. Am J Clin Nutr 80:475–482

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Schwartz RS, Shuman WP, Bradbury VL et al (1990) Body fat distribution in healthy young and older men. J Gerontol 45:M181–M185

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Kennaugh JM, Hay WW Jr (1987) Nutrition of the fetus and newborn. West J Med 147:435–448

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Barker DJ, Winter PD, Osmond C et al (1989) Weight in infancy and death from ischaemic heart disease. Lancet 334:577–580

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. Kirkland JL, Hollenberg CH, Kindler S, Gillon WS (1994) Effects of age and anatomic site on preadipocyte number in rat fat depots. J Gerontol 49:B31–B35

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Karagiannides I, Tchkonia T, Dobson DE et al (2001) Altered expression of C/EBP family members results in decreased adipogenesis with aging. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 280:R1772–R1780

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Kitagawa Y, Korobi M, Toriyama K et al (2006) History of discovery of human adipose-derived stem cells and their clinical application. Jpn J Plast Reconstr Surg 49:1097–1104

    Google Scholar 

  25. Fraser JK, Wulur I, Alfonso Z, Hedrick MH (2006) Fat tissue: an underappreciated source of stem cells for biotechnology. Trends Biotechnol 24:150–154

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Hauner H, Entenmann G (1991) Regional variation of adipose differentiation in cultured stromal-vascular cells from the abdominal and femoral adipose tissue of obese women. Int J Obes 15:121–126

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Tang QQ, Zhang JW, Daniel LM (2004) Sequential gene promoter interactions of C/EBPbeta, C/EBPalpha, and PPARgamma during adipogenesis. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 319:235–239

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Dunn FL, Higgins LS, Fredrickson J, Depaoli AM (2010) Selective modulation of PPARgamma activity can lower plasma glucose without typical thiazolidinedione side-effects in patients with type 2 diabetes. J Diabetes Complications [Epub ahead of print]

  29. Arner P (1997) Regional adipocity in man. J Endocrinol 155:191–192

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Kanadys WM, Oleszczuk J (1999) Pathophysiological aspects of adipose tissue development in women. Ginekol Pol 70:456–463

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Arner P (1998) Not all fat is alike. Lancet 351:1301–1302

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. Bouchard C, Despres JP, Mauriege P (1993) Genetic and nongenetic determinants of regional fat distribution. Endocr Rev 14:72–93

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. Arner P, Hellstrom L, Wahrenberg H, Bronnegard M (1990) Beta-adrenoceptor expression in human fat cells from different regions. J Clin Invest 86:1595–1600

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. Hoffstedt J, Arner P, Hellers G, Lonnqvist F (1997) Variation in adrenergic regulation of lipolysis between omental and subcutaneous adipocytes from obese and non-obese men. J Lipid Res 38:795–804

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. Obici S (2009) Minireview: Molecular targets for obesity therapy in the brain. Endocrinology 150:2512–2517

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. Montague CT, Prins JB, Sanders L et al (1998) Depot-related gene expression in human subcutaneous and omental adipocytes. Diabetes 47:1384–1391

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. Koenig W, Khuseyinova N, Baumert J et al (2006) Serum concentrations of adiponectin and risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus and coronary heart disease in apparently healthy middle-aged men: results from the 18-year follow-up of a large cohort from southern Germany. J Am Coll Cardiol 48:1369–1377

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. Esch P (2006) Caring for HIV-positive and aging patients with associated facial lipoatrophy. Plast Surg Nurs 26:17–23

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  39. Brinkman K, ter Hofstede HJ, Burger DM et al (1998) Adverse effects of reverse transcriptase inhibitors: mitochondrial toxicity as common pathway. AIDS 12:1735–1744

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. Brinkman K, Smeitink JA, Romijn JA, Reiss P (1999) Mitochondrial toxicity induced by nucleoside-analogue reverse-transcriptase inhibitors is a key factor in the pathogenesis of antiretroviral-therapy-related lipodystrophy. Lancet 354:1112–1115

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  41. Guallar JP, Rojas-Garcia R, Garcia-Arumi E et al (2008) Impaired expression of mitochondrial and adipogenic genes in adipose tissue from a patient with acquired partial lipodystrophy (Barraquer-Simons syndrome): a case report. J Med Case Reports 2:284

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  42. Simha V, Garg A (2003) Phenotypic heterogeneity in body fat distribution in patients with congenital generalized lipodystrophy caused by mutations in the AGPAT2 or seipin genes. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 88:5433–5437

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  43. Capeau J, Magre J, Lascols O et al (2005) Diseases of adipose tissue: genetic and acquired lipodystrophies. Biochem Soc Trans 33:1073–1077

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  44. Hegele RA, Joy TR, Al-Attar SA, Rutt BK (2007) Thematic review series: adipocyte biology. Lipodystrophies: windows on adipose biology and metabolism. J Lipid Res 48:1433–1444

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  45. Kamenisch Y, Fousteri M, Knoch J et al (2010) Proteins of nucleotide and base excision repair pathways interact in mitochondria to protect from loss of subcutaneous fat, a hallmark of aging. J Exp Med 207:379–390

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  46. Scherwitz C, Braun-Falco O (1978) So-called cellulite. J Dermatol Surg Oncol 4:230–234

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  47. Khan MH, Victor F, Rao B, Sadick NS (2010) Treatment of cellulite: Part I. Pathophysiology. J Am Acad Dermatol 62:361–370; quiz 71–72

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  48. Nurnberger F, Muller G (1978) So-called cellulite: an invented disease. J Dermatol Surg Oncol 4:221–229

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  49. Schuller-Petrovic S, Wolkart G, Hofler G et al (2008) Tissue-toxic effects of phosphatidylcholine/deoxycholate after subcutaneous injection for fat dissolution in rats and a human volunteer. Dermatol Surg 34:529–542; discussion 42–43

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  50. Ablon G, Rotunda AM (2004) Treatment of lower eyelid fat pads using phosphatidylcholine: clinical trial and review. Dermatol Surg 30:422–427; discussion 8

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  51. Rotunda AM, Ablon G, Kolodney MS (2005) Lipomas treated with subcutaneous deoxycholate injections. J Am Acad Dermatol 53:973–978

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  52. Rotunda AM, Weiss SR, Rivkin LS (2009) Randomized double-blind clinical trial of subcutaneously injected deoxycholate versus a phosphatidylcholine-deoxycholate combination for the reduction of submental fat. Dermatol Surg 35:792–803

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  53. Gregoire FM, Smas CM, Sul HS (1998) Understanding adipocyte differentiation. Physiol Rev 78:783–809

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Interessenkonflikt

Der korrespondierende Autor gibt an, dass kein Interessenkonflikt besteht.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institut für umweltmedizinische Forschung (IUF), Auf’m Hennekamp 50, 40225, Düsseldorf, Deutschland

    S. Grether-Beck &  J. Krutmann

Authors
  1. S. Grether-Beck
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. J. Krutmann
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to J. Krutmann.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Grether-Beck, S., Krutmann, J. Fettgewebe. Hautarzt 61, 838–846 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00105-010-1983-y

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00105-010-1983-y

Schlüsselwörter

Keywords

Search

Navigation