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Topische Therapie des perianalen Ekzems

Topical therapy of perianal eczema

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Zusammenfassung

Das Analekzem ist eine der häufigsten Diagnosen, die einen Patienten zu einem proktologisch tätigen Hautarzt führt. Aufgrund ihrer unterschiedlichen Ätiopathogenese lassen sich das irritativ-toxische, das atopische und das kontaktallergische perianale Ekzem unterscheiden. Alle 3 Ekzemformen weisen ein ähnliches klinisches Bild auf, die korrekte differenzialdiagnostische Einordnung ist jedoch essenziell für einen raschen Therapieerfolg. Nach Sanierung einer ggf. proktologischen Grunderkrankung kann eine kurzzeitige topische Therapie mit niedrigpotenten Kortikosteroiden oder Calcineurininhibitoren erfolgen. Zinkoxidzubereitungen und die Reinigung der Perianalregion mit klarem Wasser stellen neben der Meidung von Irritanzien und möglichen Kontaktallergenen weitere Supportivmaßnahmen dar. Bei Therapieresistenz sollte zum Ausschluss einer prämalignen oder malignen Erkrankung immer eine histologische Abklärung erfolgen.

Abstract

Perianal eczema is a common diagnosis in patients seeking help from a proctologist/dermatologist. Due to their different etiology, perianal eczemas can be subdivided into irritant-toxic, atopic, and contact allergic forms. While these three entities may present with a similar clinical picture, the correct differential diagnosis is crucial for rapid successful therapy. After treatment of any underlying proctologic disease, low-potency corticosteroid or calcineurin inhibitor formulations may be applied for short-term topical perianal therapy. Preparations containing zinc oxide and cleaning of the perianal region with clear water can support the healing process. Patients should avoid topical irritants and potential contact allergens. Perianal eczema resistant to therapy should be further evaluated by histopathological workup to exclude precancerous or malignant skin disease.

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Schauber, J. Topische Therapie des perianalen Ekzems. Hautarzt 61, 33–38 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00105-009-1812-3

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