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Kontaktallergie bei Kindern

Contact allergy in children

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Zusammenfassung

Wenngleich exakte Daten zur Prävalenz von Kontaktallergien bei Kindern fehlen, sind als relativ häufige Kontaktallergene im Kindesalter Nickel, Duftstoffe, Paraphenylendiamin, Thiomersal, Konservierungsmittel und andere Inhaltsstoffe von Pflege- und Hygieneprodukten bekannt. Daher sollte auch bei Kindern mit hartnäckigen Ekzemen oder anderweitig begründetem Verdacht auf eine Kontaktsensibilisierung eine Epikutantestung durchgeführt werden. Bei Kindern können die gleichen Allergenzubereitungen und Testtechniken wie bei Erwachsenen verwendet werden. Es sollten die anamnestisch ermittelten Substanzen und eine verkürzte Standardserie getestet werden, am besten mittels kleiner Finn-Chambers, die nur für 1 Tag aufgeklebt werden. Positive Testergebnisse bedürfen einer Relevanzbewertung. Bei der Behandlung allergischer Kontaktekzeme gelten bei Kindern die gleichen Prinzipien wie bei Erwachsenen. Topische Kortikosteroide sind erwiesenermaßen gut wirksam, nichtsteroidale Antiphlogistika sollten jedoch wegen der Gefahr einer Kontaktsensibilisierung nicht aufgetragen werden. Wichtig ist die prophylaktische Meidung von potenziellen Kontaktallergenen im Kindesalter.

Abstract

Although the prevalence of contact allergy in children is largely unknown, the most frequent contact allergens in childhood are nickel, fragrances, p-phenylenediamine, thimerosal, preservatives and components of skin care and hygiene products. Children with persistent eczema or otherwise suspected contact allergy should be patch tested. For children, the same preparations of allergens and test techniques can be used as for adults. Patch tests should be done with allergens suggested by history and with a shortened standard series, at best with small Finn-Chambers that are attached for 1 day only. Positive readings need to be assessed with regard to clinical relevance. In children, the treatment of allergic contact dermatitis follows the same principles as in adults. Topical corticosteroids are agents of well proven efficiency whereas non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs should not be applied to the skin because there is of a risk of contact sensitization. For reasons of prophylaxis it is important to avoid potential contact allergens in childhood.

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  1. Klinik für Dermatologie, Venerologie und Allergologie, UKSH, Campus Kiel, Schittenhelmstraße 7, 24105, Kiel, Deutschland

    J. Brasch

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Brasch, J. Kontaktallergie bei Kindern. Hautarzt 60, 194–199 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00105-008-1657-1

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